Case study Essay

Inuit was founded in 1983 by Scott Cook (Former Procter & Gamble employee) and Tom Proulx (Stanford University Programmer), that develops and sells pecuniary and tax tooth root softw atomic number 18 for consumers and diminutive to medium sized businesses. The friendship has al airs thrived to upset peoples lives by solving their important business and financial management problems. Quicken was its crossing that was launched in 1984 and struggled the first of all year, but collect to positive reviews in trade journals and print campaign strategies, savvy got its first break and by 1988 Quicken was the best selling finance growth on the market. Early 1990s saw Intuit growing due(p) to success of Quicken, QuickBooks and Turbotax. These products made some signifi groundworkt contribution in small businesses. doorkeepers five forces Analysis for InuitAny organization dodge that you develop needs to include gaining a thorough under hold uping of the immaterial environment that the organization is operating in. The or so widely tool that whoremaster service of process you to do this is Porters five force analysis. Porters model considers five forces that determine the attractiveness of your market by analyzing the competitive intensity. Similarly Porters five forces go forth help Intuit the position of the market and how much do they really stand a chance in this competitive industry, with Microsoft trying to buy them off.1. brat of new entrantIntuits marketing strategies confound helped the company evolve. Positive word of m awayh an exceptional customer services is its most effective marketing tools. Roughly 8 out of 10 customers have bought Intuits product and hence engaging with customers directly and communication with customers on a timely basis has helped distinguish its products. This leads to a real low threat of new entrants in the market. Due to this it is very(prenominal) touchy for new companys to interject the market and compete w ith Intuit.2. talk terms Power of BuyersSince Inuit is not the only one in the market, Microsoft being the biggest rival it increases the bargaining power of buyers giving them more than one option to opt from. Intuit is very well aware of this fact and hence spends probatory amount of time and silver on consumer research every year. It is very critical for Intuit to know how customers use and feel about their products. This is achievable by adapting Site Visit, Lab Study and Remote study conducted by Intuit.3. Bargaining Power of SuppliersThe only product that Intuit needs is a compact dish antenna and since in that location are many suppliers of compact disc in the market, the bargaining power of suppliers is very low. This leads to huge competition between suppliers and Intuit has an advantage.4. Threat for Substitute Products on that point is no substitute product available for tax and financial planning softwares unconnected from hiring specialised people in your compan y in that field which is turns out to be very expensive and also time consuming. Hence there is no threat for substitute products for Intuit in the market.5. The intensity of rivalryIntuit faces huge competition in the market for the products they offer. Microsoft, one of their biggest competitors has act to buy off Intuit but failed and also withdrawn its money product line after a 18 year bout with Quicken. This has been a great win for Intuit over the software giant. There are many companies providing mobile devices which have become very universal among the younger consumers and hence this increases the intensity of rivalry in the market that will be faced by Intuit.Potential Market entry methods for IntuitIntuit has a very few ways it can enter the potential market i.e. mobile devices. Depending on various factors, Intuit can adopt acquisition. This will be very quick and fastest way to enter the mobile devices industry. Intuit can acquire some firms that are already in the mobile devicebusiness, have a ironlike customer base and have all access to the companys network files.ReferencePearson Education Limited (2012). Marketing Management (14th ed.). Kotler Keller Author.Submitted byAnchal Pathak

Growth of Fmcg Products in Rural Market

Certificate This is to certify that Ms. Vrushali Awachar of IBS Nagpur has submitted her report titled, harvest-time of FMCG mathematical harvest-festivals in awkward food product for the course of plain 2009-2010 in goial fulfillment of the requirement for the conclusion of practical body of work at the first semester of MBA course. Place eon _ innovate As part of course in MBA for the first semester, we construct to founder a report primed on orbit analysis which I am symbolizeing is on Growth of FMCG products in artless foodstuff.This opportunity al misfortunates the students to analyse the real business environment and a consequent report shape up helpers in improving on the communication and presendation aspects which argon extremely natural to be inculcated amongst Management students. This practical training at MBA programme develops a feeling more than or less the difficulties and challenges in the business world. Only supposition knowledge does non impart cease education. To fulfill these objectives these reports play an essential part in MBA programme.In this direction, I gull tried my level beat out to analyze the various information obtained and begin presented in a logical and understand adequate to(p) format. Acknowledgement I forward gratitude to respected doyen Sir of our Institute. I am heartily glad to the management for providing me the opportunity to invent a situate of practical training in their organization. I bear on out my sincere thanks to the staff of the unit who dep allowe given us all the information and who guided us. I am as enter up as thankful to Prof. Upal Sinha and Dr.Sarita Modak with whose help the study was conducted and made possible they provided full guidance, cooperation and valuable steer about the typography. I am thankful to my college friends and all those who leave off helped me presently or in direct in the preparation of this report. With thanks Place Nagpur Date 28th/08/2009 Yours Sincerely, Vrushali Awachar 09BS0000502 Contents of the Report Table of Contents Certificate stick in Acknowledgement 1. Abstract Growth of FMCG products in hoidenish merchandise P. Balakrishna 2. understructure Sales zoomed from 35,000 sachets to 12 lakhs.Initially they as rise up ask whatsoever sachet entirely now they argon restricted to Chik sachets. Now at present, coun endeavour-style food market place place is one of the best opportunity and guidanceing heavens for the major FMCG companies in India. Each and e real(prenominal) company is set to invest a huge capital for arguing in homespun market. jibe to the Federation of Indian Chambers of physician and Industry, the number of rustic households using FMCG products has grown from 136 one one thousand million million in 2004 to 143 million in 2007,a clear indication that agrarian consumers be shifting from commodities to mark products.urban consumers on the other hand could go slow ly on FMCG expenses, thanks for inflation spiral, rise in fuel cost and costlier credit. severalize suggest that for the first eon, that the agrarian market has grown faster than the urban market in fall upon product categories in April-May 2008, the latest months for which such(prenominal) information is available, according to market research firm NC Nielson. Market and Indian companies, in India. * To study the challenges faced by folksy marketers in India. * To study the reasons of popularity of homespun markets in India. 5. Need of the study To determine the command of FMCG products in country-bred India.Know about the different choice of rural consumers. awkward and Urban potential _(table 1. Rural and urban population)_ _( inauguration Statistical Outline of India (2001-2002) NCAER_ According to a study by Chennai-based Francis Kanoi Marketing Planning 7. Growth Prospects With the mien of 12. 2% of the world population in the villages of India, the Indian rural FMCG market is somewhatthing no one tail assembly everyplacelook. Increased focus on get sector entrust boost rural incomes, hence providing better gain prospects to the FMCG companies. Better infrastructure facilities impart improve their supply chain.FMCG sector is in any case wantly to benefit from exploitation adopt in the market. Because of the low per capita drug addiction for roughly all the products in the country, FMCG companies turn over immense possibilities for fruit. And if the companies atomic number 18 able to flip-flop the mindset of the consumers, i. e. if they argon able to take the consumers to crisscrossed products and offering new generation products, they would be able to generate higher process in the near future(a). It is expected that the rural income will rise in 2007, boosting purchasing motive in the country post. However, the demand in urban sphere of influences would be the key evolution driver over the long term.Also, change magn itude in the urban population, along with increase in income levels and the availability of new categories, would help the urban beas maintain their position in footing of consumption. At present, urban India delineates for 66% of total FMCG consumption, with rural India accounting for the remaining 34%. However, rural India accounts for much than than 40% consumption in major FMCG categories such as own(prenominal) rush, fabric manage, and hot beverages. In urban areas, home and personalized occupy phratry, including skin care, household care and feminine hygiene, will hold the line growing at relatively attractive rates.Within the foods segment, it is estimated that processed foods, bakery, and dairy farm are long-term growth categories in both rural and urban areas. Indian Competitiveness and Comparison with the humanity Markets The following factors exculpate India a competitive player in FMCG sector Availability of piercing frameworks Because of the different agro-climatic conditions in India, there is a lifesize raw material base suitable for food processing industries. India is the largest manufacturer of livestock, draw, sugarcane, coconut, spices and cashew and is the second largest producer of rice, wheat and fruits &vegetables.India withal produces caustic soda and soda ash, which are call for for the production of goops and detergents. The availability of these raw materials gives India the location advantage. turn over cost similitude draw hurl (Fig. 2 Labor cost comparison) (Source www. equitymaster. com _ _Low cost projection gives India a competitive advantage. Indias labor cost is amongst the lowest in the world, after China & Indonesia. Low labor costs give the advantage of low cost of production. Many MNCs bring established their plants in India to out witnesser for internal and export markets. Presence across value chainIndian companies have their presence across the value chain of FMCG sector, right from the s upply of raw materials to packaged secures in the food-processing sector. This brings India a more than cost competitive advantage. For example, Amul supplies milk as well as dairy products like cheese, saveter, etc. 8. Indian FMCG Sector The Indian FMCG sector is the fourth largest in the economy and has a market size of US$13. 1 billion. Well-established dissemination ne bothrks, as well as intense competition between the organized and unorganized segments are the characteristics of this sector.FMCG in India has a strong and competitive MNC presence across the construct-in value chain. It has been predicted that the FMCG market will pass on to US$ 33. 4 billion in 2015 from US $ billion 11. 6 in 2003. The middle menage and the rural segments of the Indian population are the most promising market for FMCG, and give fault makers the opportunity to convert them to branded products. Most of the product categories like jams, tooth foregonee, skin care, shampoos, etc, in India , have low per capita consumption as well as low penetration level, only the potential for growth is huge.The Indian Economy is surging ahead by leaps and bounds, keeping footprint with rapid urbanization, increased literacy levels, and rising per capita income. The big firms are growing larger and small- condemnation companies are catching up as well. According to the study conducted by AC Nielsen, 62 of the pinch 100 brands are have by MNCs, and the balance by Indian companies. Fifteen companies own these 62 brands, and 27 of these are owned by Hindustan Lever. Pepsi is at number collar followed by Thums Up. Britannia takes the fifth place, followed by Colgate (6), Nirma (7), Coca-Cola (8) and Parle (9).These are figures the softish drink and poove companies have always shied away from revealing. Personal care, cigarettes, and soft drinks are the troika biggest categories in FMCG. Between them, they account for 35 of the diadem 100 brands. THE pinch 10 COMPANIES IN FMCG SECTOR (table 3 top 10 co. s) Source Naukrihub. com The companies mentioned in Exhibit I, are the leaders in their respective sectors. The personal care course of instruction has the largest number of brands, i. e. , 21, inclusive of Lux, Lifebuoy, handsome and Lovely, Vicks, and Ponds. There are 11 HLL brands in the 21, aggregating Rs. ,799 crore or 54% of the personal care category. Cigarettes account for 17% of the top 100 FMCG sales, and simply below the personal care category. ITC alone accounts for 60% volume market share and 70% by value of all filter cigarettes in India. The foods category in FMCG is gaining popularity with a swing of launches by HLL, ITC, Godrej, and others. This category has 18 major brands, aggregating Rs. 4,637 crore. Nestle and Amul plod it out in the powders segment. The food category has also viewn innovations like softies in ice creams, chapattis by HLL, position to eat rice by HLL and pizzas by both GCMMF and Godrej Pillsbury.This category se ems to have faster development than the stagnating personal care category. Amul, Indias largest foods company has a good presence in the food category with its ice-creams, curd, milk, butter, cheese, and so on. Britannia also ranks in the top 100 FMCG brands, dominates the biscuits category and has launched a series of products at various prices. In the household care category (like mosquito repellents), Godrej and Reckitt are two players. Goodknight from Godrej is cost preceding(prenominal) Rs 217 crore, followed by Reckitts Mortein at Rs 149 crore.In the shampoo category, HLLs Clinic and Sunsilk make it to the top 100, although Ps Head and Shoulders and Pantene are also nerve-racking hard to be positioned on top. Clinic is nearly double the size of Sunsilk. Dabur is among the top cardinal FMCG companies in India and is a herbal specialist. With a turnover of Rs. 19 billion (approx. US$ 420 million) in 2005-2006, Dabur has brands like Dabur Amla, Dabur Chyawanprash, Vatika, Haj mola and Real. Asian Paints is enjoying a tremendous presence in the Indian sub-continent, southeasteast Asia, Far East, Middle East, South Pacific, Caribbean, Africa and Europe.Asian Paints is Indias largest paint company, with a turnover of Rs. 22. 6 billion (around USD 513 million). Forbes world-wide magazine, USA, ranked Asian Paints among the 200 Best Small Companies in the World Cadbury India is the market leader in the burnt umber confectionery market with a 70% market share and is ranked number two in the total food drinks market. Its popular brands take Cadburys Dairy Milk, 5 Star, Eclairs, and Gems. The Rs. 15. 6 billion (USD 380 Million) Marico is a leading Indian group in consumer products and work in the Global Beauty and Wellness s measure. 8. Outlook There is a huge growth potential for all the FMCG companies as the per capita consumption of almost all products in the country is amongst the lowest in the world. Again the demand or prospect could be increased fur ther if these companies can change the consumers mindset and offer new generation products. Earlier, Indian consumers were using non-branded apparel, but today, clothes of different brands are available and the aforesaid(prenominal) consumers are uncoerced to pay more for branded quality clothes. Its the quality, promotion and innovation of products, which can drive many sectors. . 2 Sector Outlook Threats 1. Removal of second restrictions resulting in replacing of domestic brands 2. Slow exhaust in rural demand Tax and regulatory structure The rural market whitethorn be alluring but it is non without its problems Low per capita disposable incomes that is half the urban disposable income large number of daily wage earners, acute colony on the vagaries of the monsoon seasonal consumption linked to harvests and festivals and special causations sad roads power problems and inaccessibility to conventional advert media.However, the rural consumer is not unlike his urban counterp art in many ways. The more undaunted MNCs are meeting the consequent challenges of availability, affordability, acceptability and awareness (the so-called 4 As) The first challenge is to ensure availability of the product or assist. Indias 627,000 villages are get around over 3. 2 million sq km 700 million Indians may live in rural areas, finding them is not easy. However, given the sorry state of roads, it is an so far greater challenge to egularly reach products to the far-flung villages. any(prenominal) serious marketer must strive to reach at least 13,113 villages with a population of more than 5,000. Marketers must trade off the distribution cost with incremental market penetration. Over the long time, Indias largest MNC, Hindustan Lever, a subsidiary of Unilever, has built a strong distribution system which helps its brands reach the interiors of the rural market. To service remote village, stockists use autorickshaws, bullock-carts and even boats in the backwaters of Ke rala.Coca-Cola, which considers rural India as a future growth driver, has evolved a hub and spoke distribution model to reach the villages. To ensure full loads, the company depot supplies, twice a week, large distributors which who act as hubs. These distributors appoint and supply, once a week, small distributors in adjoining areas. LG Electronics defines all cities and towns other than the seven metros cities as rural and semi-urban market. To beleaguer these unexplored country markets, LG has set up 45 area offices and 59 rural/remote area offices. The second challenge is to ensure affordability of the product or service.With low disposable incomes, products need to be affordable to the rural consumer, most of whom are on daily wages. any(prenominal) companies have turn to the affordability problem by introducing small unit packs. Godrej recently introduced tercet brands of Cinthol, Fair Glow and Godrej in 50-gm packs, priced at Rs 4-5 meant specifically for Madhya Pradesh , Bihar and Uttar Pradesh the so-called Bimaru States. Hindustan Lever, among the first MNCs to take a leak the potential of Indias rural market, has launched a variant of its largest merchandise soap brand, Lifebuoy at Rs 2 for 50 gm.The move is mainly targeted at the rural market. Coca-Cola has communicate the affordability issue by introducing the returnable 200-ml glass bottle priced at Rs 5. The curtain raising has paid off Eighty per cent of new drinkers now come from the rural markets. Coca-Cola has also introduced Sunfill, a powdered soft-drink concentrate. The instant and ready-to-mix Sunfill is available in a single-serve sachet of 25 gm priced at Rs 2 and mutiserve sachet of 200 gm priced at Rs 15. The third challenge is to gain acceptability for the product or service.Therefore, there is a need to offer products that suit the rural market. one company which has reaped rich dividends by doing so is LG Electronics. In 1998, it developed a customized TV for the rural market and christened it Sampoorna. It was a runway hit selling 100,000 sets in the very first year. Because of the lack of electricity and refrigerators in the rural areas, Coca-Cola provides low-cost ice turning pointes a tin buffet for new outlets and thermocol box for seasonal outlets.The insurance companies that have tailor-made products for the rural market have performed well. HDFC Standard LIFE topped private insurers by selling policies worth Rs 3. 5 crore in total premia. The company tied up with non-governmental organizations and offered reasonably-priced policies in the nature of group insurance covers. With large parts of rural India outback(prenominal) to conventional advertising media only 41 per cent rural households have access to TV building awareness is another challenge.Fortunately, however, the rural consumer has the same likes as the urban consumer movies and music and for both the urban and rural consumer, the family is the key unit of identity. Howeve r, the rural consumer expressions differ from his urban counterpart. Outing for the former is jailed to local fairs and festivals and TV viewing is confined to the state-owned Doordarshan. Consumption of branded products is set as a special treat or indulgence. Hindustan Lever relies severely on its own company-organized media. These are promotional events organized by stockiest.Godrej Consumer Products, which is arduous to push its soap brands into the interior areas, uses radio to reach the local raft in their language. The key dilemma for MNCs eager to tap the large and fast-growing(prenominal) rural market is whether they can do so without hurting the companys attain margins. Mr. Carlo Donati, C sensory hairman and Managing-Director, Nestle, small-arm admitting that his companys product portfolio is essentially designed for urban consumers, cautions companies from plunging overhasty into the rural market as capturing rural consumers can be expensive. any(prenominal) gen eralization says Mr Donati, about rural India could be wrong and one should focus on high GDP growth areas, be it urban, semi-urban or rural. ISIC 5211 sell sales in non-specialized stores ISIC 5219 other retail sale in non-specialized stores ISIC 5220 retail sale of food, beverages and tobacco in specialized stores ISIC 5231 retail sale of pharmaceutical and medical goods, cosmetic and dope articles ISIC 5251 retail sale via mail give houses ISIC 5252 retail sale via stalls and markets ISIC 5259 whole sale goodsSupplier industries for FMCGs include 1511 meat and meat products, 1512 fish and fish products, 1513 fruit and vegetables, 1514 vegetable and living organism oils and fats, 1520 dairy products, 1531 grain mill products, 1532 starches and starch products, 1533 animal feeds, 1541 bakery products, 1542 sugar, 1543 cocoa, chocolate and sugar confectionery, 1544 macaroni, noodles, couscous, 1549 other food products, 1551 spirits ethyl alcohol, 1552 wines, 1553 malt liquors and malt, 1554 soft drinks, mineral waters, 1600 tobacco products, 2101 pulp, paper and paperboard, 2102 corrugated paper, containers, 2109 other articles of paper and paperboard, 2424 soap and detergents, cleaning preparations, perfumes. 9. 1 Impulse to go Rural 1. broad community (_Source NCAER). _ 2. Rising Rural Prosperity twice as many land middle income households in rural areas as in the urban areas. dispersal of slew income-wise (Table 5. ) (SourceNCAER) against is Rs. 3,500 crores in rural India. 3. Growth in Market 4. enduringness of Communication 5. IT Penetration in Rural India Into rural India, the possibilities of change are becoming visible. 6. Impact of Globalization FMCG Products and Categories In recent years, rural markets of India have acquired significance, as the overall growth of the Indian economy has resulted into substantial increase in the purchasing power of the rural communities. On account of squirt revolution, the rural areas are consuming a l arge quantity of industrial and urban manufactured products. In this linguistic con text edition, a special selling dodge, namely, rural marketing has emerged.Rural India with its traditional perception has grown over the years, not only in terms of income, but also in terms of thinking. The rural markets are growing at above two times faster pace than urban markets not surprisingly, rural India accounts for 60% of the total national demand. Today, rural market occupies a larger part of our economy and it is expected to grow at least four generation the existing size. Another impart factor for rural push was growing saturation in urban markets. To be precise, rural marketing in Indian economy covers two broad sections 1. Selling of agricultural products in the urban areas 2. Selling of manufactured products in the rural regionsIn present situation, our huge population is helping marketers to think new marketing strategies. 630 jillion rural populations are greater than total co nsuming markets of many countries like Canada, South Korea, etc. Tapping the rural market is one of the most all important(p) marketing strategies followed by various MNCs and Indian companies now-a-days. A number of companies in FMCG, consumer durables as well as telecom sector have adapted strategies to expand their base in rural market. Among those who have already taken remarkable initiative in rural market are HLL, Colgate, LG Electronics, Philips, BSNL, LIC, Britannia and Hero Honda. Rural Marketing in elementary word is formulation and implementation of marketing function for rural areas.Rural marketing has been be as the process of developing, pricing, promoting, distributing rural specific products and services leading to re-sentencing between urban and rural markets which satisfies consumer demands and also achieves org. objective. Of the two million BSNL smooth connections, 50% are in small towns / villages. Of the six lakh villages, 5. 22 lakh have a Village Public Telephone (VPT). 42 million rural households are availing banking services in comparison to 27 million urban households. Investment in formal savings instruments 6. 6 millions households in rural and 6. 7 million in urban India. Large Population Approximately 75% of Indias population resides in around 6,38,365 villages of India spread over 32 lakh square kilometer. 41% of Indias middle relegate resides in rural areas.Higher Purchasing Capacity Purchasing power of rural people is on rise Market Growth Market is growing at a rate of 3-4% per annum. The journey of markets to the rural markets has and then been one of surmounting one hurdle after another these include the 4 As Availability, Affordability, and Acceptance & Awareness adopting themselves to the rural atmosphere marketers. So, in the context of growth aspects of the Rural markets and their adoption and application by major MNCs and Indian companies, I want to take this expulsion as my Research Project so that I could go in to the in-depth study of the rural markets- their future scope, challenges etc. in the context of India Rural markets are future battlegrounds Icfai University ledger of Rural Management The very nature of economic activities of rural market extending the provision of quality access to financial solutions is vital for the development of people residing in rural areas. * Khan N. A. , Building Competitiveness in small-scale and Rural Industries in India Icfai University Journal of Rural Management The significance of battle in the rural marketing was neglected for a long time in India, but now it is being recognized. drawframe It is interesting to note that consumers will almost always grease ones palms on the dot what they put on their obtain list.If they write down flour, they are spillage to buy flour. What do you think will conk if they write property Medal Flour on their list? Getting the consumer to write your brand name on their shopping list almost guarantees the y will buy your product instead of your competitors, but how do you get them to do that? The simple answer is continued brand advertising overtime. This helps cement your brand with consumers, but where do you advertise? Having your advertisements runnel next to the online recipes that mention your product will certainly build brand awareness. Especially since the consumer is usually looking at related recipes opus they are planning their trip to the grocery store.Of course, you could even take that whole concept a step further by providing the recipes on your website where you could also provide the shopping list for that recipe complete with your products brand name. Think of the possibilitiesSome consumers dont write their shopping list down or maybe their printer is out of ink. What would happen if they could get that branded recipe or shopping list sent right to their cell phone by email or sms text? How about a branded iPhone application that would allow the consumer to look up the recipe and download their shopping list right in the grocery store while they are trying to decide whats for dinner party? The possibilities are endless once you start thinking outside the box of conventional advertising and meet the consumer right where they live.Technology is becoming more and more integrated with our lives and the consumer is using the internet and their cell phones to help them with just about everything including planning their meals and grocery shopping list. FMCG ( fast moving consumer goods ) is a great career opportunity for any professional worth his salt. The success in the sales and marketing division of any FMCG company will depend on great team work. The results are almost directly dimensionate to the effort of the field personnel. As the classic saying goes in cricket the longer you stay in the middle the chances of scoring more runs is inevitable unless he is a Boycott type of batsmen. Similarly the more the field work put in by the field staff the greater the results in terms of volume in general. The flip side is that the sweeping channel of distribution is highly unpredictable.They attract customers based on the simple premise that they sell it cheaper when compared to company recommended billing price to retailer. How does the wholesale sell cheap, by the virtue of their volume purchase they manage to get better send aways, which is primarily cash send packing. If they get 2 percent discount they pass on 11/2 percent to the retailer, which obviously explains the cabalistic discount. Many a times some wholesaler go to the tip of selling even below the cost price, they discount the schemes and packing material cost, which is the precise deep discount which in whole parlance is also known as undercutting. Many company personnel are fox by this phenomenon. drawframe selling This aspect of sales promotion is ignored by most companies.But in todays modern trade context, special sales team is deployed to ensure Me rchandising on the shelves. P & G always believe in merchandising their product at prominent and eye catching level. The company utilize to buy the shelf space for a period of time by paying monthly rental to the shopkeeper. In this manner they established Gillette govern against stiff competition from Malhotra blades. Many of the Mega Malls bargain for higher rentals from companies for hiring out their shelf space. In fact some malls collect as much as rent as possible to cover all the overheads in running the establishment. Jo dikta hai woh bikta hai seems to be the philosophy of most street smart sales team. 13. 1 Rural FMCG sales outrun townsFMCG growth (in value terms) in rural markets has far outpaced the sectors growth in urban markets during the first nine months of the online financial year. Though rural markets are growing from a smaller base, the numbers are stark. In the case of chyavanprash, the whole of urban market has shrunk, while the rural market has grown as m uch as eight per cent. This is a new trend. Normally we do not see rural India dominating all categories, said an FMCG analyst. Successive good monsoons and a corresponding growth in farm income have raised the purchasing power of rural households. This, in turn, has fuelled FMCG sales growth in rural markets.Products that have seen operative growth in rural markets include toothpaste, hair oils and shampoos. Shampoo sales in rural India, for instance, have gone up by 30. 8 per cent compared with just 11 per cent in urban areas. Kunal Motishaw, analyst, Equitymaster, pointed out, The rural hinterland is more attractive for FMCG companies compared with tier I and II cities as penetration levels are drastically lower for numerous products, unlike urban markets which are highly saturated. According to Dabur India CEO Sunil Duggal, while the figures may speak of value growth (because there has been no significant change in prices or the product mix in rural markets), in most cases the se are also indications of a growth in volumes.HK Press, executive-director and president, Godrej Consumer Products, said as far as the companys products were concerned, the sales of soaps and hair color had grown substantially in rural markets in the October-December quarter. 13. 2 The five rupee FMCG lure drawframe The colas may have jettisoned the paanch strategy but a host of branded products are now realizing the impressiveness of being present at the Rs 5 price point. Although brands such as Pepsodent, Maggi, Clinic Plus and Rin have been communicating, through ads, their availability at this price, the phenomenon isnt limited to any specific category products such as pens, razors, fruit drinks and adhesive tubes too are on the bandwagon, with the price prominently displayed on their packs.A HLL spokesman says the ready availability of the five-rupee coin has been an advantage but that isnt the only plus. The offerings mirror consumers buy behavior many consumers are not so concerned about grammage as much as price, he says. A relatively larger pack, compared to the Re 1 and Rs 2 ones, also give consumers enough opportunities to try out the brand, says he, while declining to comment about the impact on volumes and margins. Some of the brands that HLL sells for Rs 5 are Pepsodent, Ponds Talc, Ponds Cold Cream, Rin, Taaza, Fair & Lovely, Clinic Plus and Lux. Mr K. Radhakrishnan, Vice-President, FoodWorld Supermarkets, sees growth in the user-base of brands that have introduced such packs. Category penetration is the aim.Coke and Pepsi have staggeringly succeeded in achieving this over the past year, though much of the gain was deep in thought(p) due to the pesticide issue. The consumer-base for soft drink increased from 160 million in 2002 to 240 million in 2004, a two-year period during which the Rs 5-price point remained in force. The Coca-Cola India President and CEO, Mr. Sanjiv Gupta, says The first half of this year has been good but growth has n ot been what it was in the same period last year. We continue to make money on Rs 5 pricing but now the quantum of money I make per bottle is squeezed. And this squeeze, brought about by a two per cent cess and higher input costs, has forced cola companies to hike prices by a rupee each on 200 ml and ccc ml pack sizes.And though the colas no longer sell for Rs 5, they have played a big role in sensitizing the consumer to the price-point, says marketing professional Ms Sangita Joshi, who reckons the Rs 5 packs to play an important role in spurring impulse purchases as well as giving a brand the first-mover advantage in a competitive market. Adds Mr. R. Subramanian, Director of discount chain, Subhiksha The small packs will increase user base and usage occasion and can explode the market. He makes the point that its more likely that a customer will guzzle a soft drink three separate times when it costs Rs 5 or Rs 6 a bottle than have a single shot at 600 ml of the cola at Rs 15.Acco rding to constancy observers, the price point will also help branded FMCG categories which are battling fakes from the unorganized sector. 14. Share of FMCG sector showing a receding trend in Television as well as Press over the past four years an AdEx India Analysis In the year 2003, the FMCG sector had a share of 27% in total print and TV advertising contributing 24760 million out of the total advertising of 90520 million. Share of FMCG in total advertising (TV Press) has shrunk by 11 percentage points in the past four years Share of FMCG advertising in TV has declined from 57. 6% to 48. 7%, while the same for press has come down from 12. % to 7. 9% during the four year period. The share has decreased considerably for major categories like supercharged drinks and toilet soaps. It is common knowledge that the advertising pie for press and television has shown a regular(a) increase over the past half a decade. However, the following map presents certain facts that would be a revelation to quite a few of us. The proportion of ad spends by the FMCG sector has been consistently declining over the past four years. The character of FMCGs to total advertising has come down by 11 percentage points during the four-year period. drawframe (Fig. 6 contribution of FMCG) (Source Adex india)A similar trend was witnessed across both the media Television and Press. While the contribution of FMCG advertising to total TV spends has diminished from a healthy 57. 6% in 2001 to 48. 7% in 2004 (Till May 15th), the press component of FMCG industry has shrunk from 12. 2% in 2001 to 7. 9% in 2004. drawframe (Fig. 7 source adex india) drawframe (Fig. 8 source adex india) LOne all important(p) point to be noted is that although the total ad spends incurred by the FMCG sector have gone up, it has still not been able to match the pace with which the total pie has grown. One important reason for this is the ever increasing ad spends by new-economy sectors like services, lectroni cs and automotives, a phenomenon that we would study in detail in the forthcoming special newsletters from AdEx India drawframe (Fig. 9 source adex india) Now, let us have a closer look by split up up the various categories within the FMCG sector. The category within the FMCG sector that has pulled down the total share the most has clearly been Food and beverages. The category that employ to account for a chunk of TV & press advertising at 45. 5% in 2001 now accounts for 42. 6% while Others mentioned in the above chart has also gone down from 6. 7% in 2001 to 4. 1% now. This category of others consists of such advertisers as tobacco, liquor, OTC products, etc.The Personal care segment was also showing a receding trend from 2001 to 2003, but it has improved during the first five months of 2004, a trend which may well not continue till year-end. drawframe (Fig. 10 source adex india) Now, let us look at one major sub-category from each of the main FMCG categories F, Home care & Pers onal care. The following chart shows some of the traditional advertising heavyweights in the FMCG sector whose share has shrunk as a percentage of total spends over the past four years. The chart shown above throws up certain interesting numbers, especially in relation to aerated drinks advertising. While the popular perception would be that the cola giants have upped their spends in the recent years, the numbers suggest that their advertising has not grown as fast as some of the other advertisers.The Oral care segment comprising of advertisers like toothbrush, toothpaste, mouthwash, etc has also declined considerably from a proportion of 7. 6% in 2001 to 6. 1% in 2004 (up to May). Similarly, Toilet soaps and face wash advertisers also been contributing progressively lesser to the total advertising in recent times, with the proportion going down to a level of 7. 8% in 2003 as compared to 10% in 2001. Finally, to reiterate the main point, it is possible that total spends for a certai n category might have gone up over the four year period. But a decreasing share in spite of increasing spends reflects the fact that the category hasnt grown as fast as some of the other heavy-spending categories.The forthcoming special newsletter from AdEx India would attempt to throw some light on some of these din categories. 15. Company experiences in Going Rural According to a study by the National Council for Applied Economic Research 16. Rural Vs Urban Consumers Challenges Conclusion After analyzing the various data I have reached to a conclusion that HULs products are most known and popular brand in context of home FMCG products in rural market followed by Dabur, ITC and P. Because of huge product line, cheaper cost and brand loyalty, good publicity and advertisement, the rural consumers generally prefers the products of HUL in all segments. Except it, people prefer for good quality and comparatively low price of products.Recommendation The rural market is very large compa red to urban market as well it is more challenging market. The consumer wants those products which are long lasting, good, easy to use and cheaper. The income level of rural consumer is not as high as income level of urban consumers thats why they want low priced products. So, we can say that thats the reason why sell of sachet is more in rural area in all segments. Its necessary for all major FMCG companies to provide those products which are easy to available and affordable to consumers. It is right that the profit margin is very low in FMCG products, but at the same time market size is quite larger in the rural area. The companies can undertake their prices by cutting down the cost on packing.Application of 4A* is also a major task for all the big players in this segment. 19. Bibliography For my Report on Growth of FMCG products in rural market I have referred to the following sites Websites (Search engines) www. assocham. org www. equitymaster. com www. exchange4media. com www . wikipedia. com www. business-standard. com www. thehindustanbusinessline. com www. economictimes. com www. google. com www. marketerstoday. com www. ncaer. com www. statisticaloutlineofindia. com 20. Declaration I, hereby declare that the Report titled Growth of FMCG products in Rural market is original to the best of my knowledge & has not been published elsewhere.This is for the purpose of partial fulfillment of Dehradun University for the award of degree of the cut across of Business Administration. (Vrushali Awachar) En. No. 09BS0000502 1st Semester IBS, Nagpur 21. Annexure Rural and Urban potential (table 1. Rural and urban population) (Source Statistical Outline of India (2001-2002) NCAER drawframe (Fig. 2 Labor cost comparison) (Source www. equitymaster. com) THE TOP 10 COMPANIES IN FMCG SECTOR (table 3 top 10 co. s) Source Naukrihub. com (Table 4 % Distribution) (Source NCAER). Distribution of people income-wise (Table 5. ) (SourceNCAER) Contribution to press and ad draw frame Contribution to total ad drawframe drawframe

Custom as a Source of Law

Abstr correspond The following article tries to establish the point that the habits atomic number 18 the well(p) about important offset of practice of right. It defines tradition and gives learning about its types and what atomic number 18 the requisite of a validated consumption, how are they recognise and why are they recognised? In ancient days the conventional righteousnesss were the wholly laws as they were consecrated by the peck. With the passage of clipping and modernization of society the useary laws are seen as orthodox laws and are immobile receding to the statutory laws, barely still the laws that are passed by the fantan has its root in the usanceary laws page Electronic copy purchasable at http//ssrn. com/abstract=1958646 Custom occupies an important role in convention of human conduct in almost tout ensemble the societies. In event it is bingle of the oldest sources of law making, though only when a few people are in all likelihood t o concur with the classical Greek poet Pindars maxim, Custom is the king of all. A custom may be delineate as a continuing course of conduct which by the assent of express approval of the community observing it, has come after to be regarded as fixing the norm of conduct for members of society 1.At its inception the English roughhewn law derived all its recovers from a single source. Sir Carleten Kemp Allen nones 2 Blackstones general impost and customs of the realm are those fundamental principles in legal descent which for the most part are non to be found in any express formulation, but are assumed to be essential in our social arrangements. These are, in short, the joint law itself . Salmond is of the opinion that custom embodies those principles which are acknowledged and approved, not by the power of the state but by the humanity opinion of the society at large.Thus he states custom is the embodiment of those principles which cede commanded themselves to the nati onal conscience as principles of justice and public utility 3. Jhon Austin was of the view that no folkway regardless of the fact how value it is or how much is it followed ripe(p) deal influence the law. He was of the view that only those conventions and folkways recognized by the sovereign through several(prenominal) discriminative act or legislative disposition might be certified as a customary source of law. Kinds of Custom 1. Conventional customIt is an established practice whose authority is conditional based on its acceptance and incorporation mingled with the parties bound by it. When two parties enter into a contract slackly all the terms of the contract are not set expressly and a large part of it is implied. The intention of the parties entering into an agreement can be gathered by the customary law general at that m The convention custom has three wooden legs of development. In the first stage it should have attained the status of usage. In the second stage i t gets deferred payment through some juridic decision, and presumes the form of a precedent.After this it is finally real as a statutory law. 1 Dias & Hughes Jurisprudence,(1957) p. 34 2 Allen C. K. honor in the making 3 Fitzgerald P. J. Salmond on jurisprudence 2 knave Electronic copy available at http//ssrn. com/abstract=1958646 The first fragment of the Indian contract act, 1872 recognizes the customs that are prevalent in the craftiness Legal Custom These are those which are operative per se as binding incurs of law independent of any agreement between the parties. These, are of two types 3 Local CustomHalsburys defined local custom as a crabby rule that has existed actually or presumably from time immemorial(postnominal) and has obtained the mightiness of law in a particular locality although contrary to or not consistent with the common law of the realm. 4 So it can be said that a local custom prevails in a small locality. Bigamy in India is allowed in some trib al parts on account of the local custom prevalent at those places. General Custom A general custom prevails end-to-end the country and is the master(prenominal) source of the common law of the country.The custom of prohibiting the remarriage of widow woman in most of the communities of India, before its abolition was a general custom in the country. A general custom is prevalent is usually beneficial by all the people living in the country, and is practiced end-to-end the land. There were umpteen customs but it is not necessary that all are the customs are accepted. For the customs to be accepted as a valid customs it should have some requisite characteristics 1. information A custom must be reasonable.It must be understand that the authority of any custom is never absolute, but it is authoritative provided it confers to the norms of justice and public utility. A custom shall not be valid if it is unsuitable to right and reason and is like to do more mischief than good if e nforced. The true rule seems to be not that a custom to be admitted if reasonable but that it bequeath be admitted unless it is unreasonable. The custom of recognizing the channel of the river or the stream as the boundary between two villages irrespective of the interchange in the path cannot be said as unreasonable and therefrom it was held as a valid custom 5. Halsbury Laws of England, Vol. X. p. 2 5 repulse Dhan Lal v. Radhey Shyam, 1951 SCR 370 3Page 2. Consistency A custom to be valid must be in conformity with statutory law. In opposite words it must not be against any act of Parliament. A custom should necessarily yield where it is against any law, but in many cases there can be some exception to the law or some modifications can be made to it due to any custom. 3. requisite Lords Supper A custom to be legally recognized as a valid custom must be ascertained as a right.It essence the custom should be followed by all have-to doe with without the use of force. It must be regarded not only an optional rule but as an obligatory rule or binding rule of conduct. If a custom is left to the choice of the individuals, then it is not a costmary law. If the observance of a custom is suspended for certain time than it is assumed that the custom was never in existence 6. 4. Continuity and immemorial Antiquity A custom to be valid should have been in existence from time immemorial.To quote Blackstone A custom in order of magnitude to be legal and binding, must have been used so enormous that the memory of man runneth not to the contrary, if anyone can show the beginning of it, it is no good custom 7 English law has made an irresponsible limit to the legal memory. It has been fixed as 1189 A. D. the year of accession of might Richard 1 to the throne which means, if any custom has its roots back to 1189 AD or backwards would be regarded as a valid custom. This time limit was applied in the case of Simpsons v. Wells 8. However in India the limit of 1189 A . D. is not valid 9.In India no definite year has been laid down to determine the antiquity of a custom. It need not to be beyond human memory 10. 5. Certainty Not only a custom should be practiced from time immemorial but, it should also be observed continuously and uninterruptedly with certainty. A custom cannot said to be valid from time immemorial unless its certainty and continuity is proved beyond doubt. Theories regarding transformation of custom into law Customary law has not only been established by legislatures or professionally trained judges, but it has come into existence because of popular acceptance and practice.There are two popular theories in this regard (1) Historical theory and, (2) Analytical theory 6. Hamperton v. Hono, (1876) 24 WR 603 7. Blackstone Commentaries, p. 76 8. (1872) 7 QB 214 9. Gokul Chandra v. Praveen Kumari, AIR 1952 SC 926 10. Mst. Subbhani v. Nawab, ILR 1947 PC 21 4Page 1. Historical Theory The main components of the historical theory school , namely, Savigny, Blackstone and Henry Maine have suggested that law has its existence because of the common consciousness of the people and the customary observance is not the cause of law but the evidence of its existence.Savigny observed, customary laws alone modify or repeal a statute it may create a new law and substitute it for statutory rule which it has abolished. Maine regarded custom as formal source of law. James Carter also supports historical view and is of the opinion that What has governed the conduct of men from the beginning of time will insure to govern to the end of time. Human nature is not likely to undergo radical change and law will forever continue to be custom11. Criticism Dr.Allen points out that all the customs cannot be contributed to the common consciousness of the people. For instance, a ruling class quite ofttimes imposes custom on the governed. It does so for its own interests rather than the interest of the people. The customs in India such as un touchability cannot be contributed to any kind of common consciousness. Therefore any custom cannot be a source of law it should not be again public sentiments. 2. Analytical Theory The main supporter of analytical theory is John Austin who regarded custom as a historical material source.He points out that custom derives its binding force not from its own nature but by state legislation. It means custom becomes a law when it is adopted by an act of parliament or its validity has been established by any judicial decision. He further states that custom only has persuasive value. Customary practices have to be recognized by court before it can become law. being of persuasive nature it is recognized as historical material source of law. Austin thus concludes that Customary law is nothing but judicial law founded upon anterior system. 2 Criticism Dr. Allen has criticized Austinian theory of customary law and pointed out that the fallacy of the Austinian doctrine is in supporting that c ustom is not law until it has been so pronounced by a court. He observed that the truth is exactly the reverse of it. According to him, custom is firstly and basically a law. Custom is enforced by courts because it is already a law, it does not become a law only on enforcement of court. 13 11 Carter James Law, its Origin, Growth & Function, p. 20 12 Austin Province of Jurisprudence, (1945) p. clxv 13 Allen C. K. Law in the making, pp 84 5Page polish Of all the various sources of law The Customary Laws are definitely the most significant source of law. In the ancient days in the absence of any legislative laws the customary laws were only the prevalent law. These are genuinely important as these are already followed by the people and it is the in truth reason why many of the customary laws are even recognized today. These customary laws had the approval of the public opinion.There is no doubt that with the development of the judicial process and with the modernization of the soc iety, the importance of custom is receding. When states came into existence they immediately gave intelligence to the customs prevailing at that time and thus they were recognized as valid laws. But with time customary laws have receded to the statutory laws. The laws relating to exchange of goods, inheritance of property, succession, property, contract, sale of goods etc. have all evolved from the customary laws. The systemise Hindu laws are nothing but the codification of the prevalent customary laws with some exceptions.It would be wrong on the part of any one to say that the customary laws need recognition from the court. The customary laws are unendingly recognized since they are always in practice. Most of the customary laws that were just in nature and were good for the society have been recognized by the parliament or the court. These laws can be sometimes invalidated if it appears that these are against the public policy and justice. One of the most important reasons wh y the customs are important source of law is that it that it is highly practiced in the society.So, if any new law is made that is contrary to the practiced customs and traditions, will not be accepted by the society. This may course to chaos and anarchy in the society. So any law that is passed takes into thoughtfulness the customs and traditions prevalent in the society at that time. The state by its legislation only validates the existing customs. It may in some exceptional(a) cases also modify or nullify some of the customs if it is for the eudaimonia of most of the people of the society. So in this way the state makes laws principally based on the customs that are good for the society 6Page

Bajaj Project Report

A REPORT ON adopt of commercializeing look On Bajaj motorbike A detailed battleground d one(a) in Bajaj railcar Ltd. Under the instruction of Dr. N. MAHESH A dumbfound word Report On champaign of Marketing look for On Bajaj Bike A detailed s rear end done in Bajaj Auto Ltd. Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for prize of degree of Master of commission Studies (MMS) under university of Mumbai. Submitted By Mr. Sagar Dhoble Roll No 3003 Batch 2010-2012 Under the guidance of Dr. N. Mahesh A. C. Patil College of Engineering, Management Studies and Research, Sector 4, Plot 17, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210Contact No 022-2774 5722 / 2786 3644 Fax 91-22-2774 5732 benefitmail emailprotected org Web Site http//www. acpce. org College Certificate This is to certify that Mr. Sagar Dhoble student of final yr of Master of Management Studies has traind a childbed titled necessitate of Marketing Research On Bajaj Bike at Bajaj Auto Ltd. as a partial fulfillment o f MMS degree for the academic year 2010-2012, University of Mumbai. Dr. N. Mahesh Dr. D. G. Borse (Head of Department) (Director) pass CertificateThis is to certify that this start entitled orbit of Marketing Research On Bajaj Bike at Bajaj Auto Ltd. is based on an pilot light work contemplate look ated by Mr. Sagar Dhoble under my guidance. This has not bring ined a basis for the award of any Degree or Diploma by this university or any new(prenominal) university. Place Date Dr. N. Mahesh (Head of Department) Preface In todays competitive world the practical study forms an authoritative part in each and e very professional lineage.MBAis a course in which the theoretical fuckledge is backed by the practical study. That study is in the form of project. The Summer Training Project is one of the essential parts of the curriculum and each and every student has to work for the project. The pass project en adequate to(p)s the students to know to a greater extent close the a pplication of theoretical knowledge. The catamenia situation of the commercializeplace is make known to the students when they under earn the project. The project gives break in insides into the application part of the theory.The companies in an perseverance and their operations can be better known by the students when they analyze the data, and prep ar the grand project. This project is on the Study of Consumer Buying Behaviour at Time to corrupt Bajaj Bike. I affirm analyzed the manufacturing very deeply and conservatively project. One can know about the current scenario of the Indian dickens cycles/seconder pains in India. This project enables the reader to have a look at the position of the twain Wheeler companies of the country. Acknowledgement I wish to recognise this probability to express my deep sense of gratitude to Dr. D. G.Borse, Director, ACPCE, MS & R for his in worthy guidance in this endeavor. He has been a unceasing source of inspiration and I since rely thank him for his suggestions and help to prep atomic number 18 this project. I express my sincere thanks to Dr. N. Mahesh, HOD, ACPCE, MS & R for his valuable suggestions and for assisting me in the data compilation and abbreviation which helped me a lot in fine tuning my report. I would wish to express my gratitude to all those who gave me the opportunity to complete my internship at Bajaj Auto Ltd. I am deeply indebted(predicate) to my supervisor Mr. Tushar Pawar, Senior Analyst, (Bajaj Auto Ltd. my corpo enjoin guide, for his kind help and throw and his valuable guidance throughout my project. I am thankful to his for providing me with necessary insights and helping me out at every single step. Finally, I would alike to thank my family members and friends for their Co-operation, advice and encouragement during the long and arduous task of motor railcarrying out the project and preparing this project. Sagar Dhoble Declaration I herewith decl ar that the project entitle d Study of Marketing Research On Bajaj Bike at Bajaj Auto Ltd has been fain by me under the guidance of Dr. N.Mahesh, HOD, ACPCE, MS & R, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of masters of management. I similarly hereby decl ar that this project report is the result of my own efforts and has not been submitted at any age to any other university or institute for the award of any degree or diploma. Place Date Sagar Dhoble Executive compend The be is the era of guests. Customers atomic number 18 more knowledgeable than ever in the lead & beca in keep the guest is more knowledgeable companies must be faster, more nimbleand more creativethanfew yearsago.So companies should strive to prove node satisfaction through knowing their expectations regarding outputs. It can be think on the basis that mart place explore must be utilise to find out whether guests expectation ar be met by current harvest-feasts or improvements. Consumer percepti on is based on the images consumers have of the ecesis and its products, this can be based on repute for money, product quality, fashion and products reliability. This is anticipating futurity trends and forecasting for future sales.This is vital to any organization if they wish to keep their entire current grocery share and articu deeply more. Generating income or profit principlecl early statesthatthe directofthe organizationisto beprofitableenoughtogenerateincomeorgrowthandsatisfyingthe node is a big part of companiesplansthey withal need to take into write up their own needs. For ma top executive satisfactory progress an organization need to refer sure that their product is growing along with the market, if a product is developing well , then income should increase, if not then the marketing strategy should be revised.An organization should always know what is happening within their designated market, if it is changing, saturation, technological advances, s minorness d own or rapidly growing, macrocosm up to date on this is essential for companies to survive. in that location are withal certain external factors that a go with should be very aware of such as P. E. S. T factors i. e ( semipolitical, environmental, social and technological) and S. W. O. T i. e. (strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat). A business musttake into account all these constraints when Designing and introducing a marketing strategy.It can be concluded that an organization must treat customers as a kingin the market and provide them essential, fit and quality products and then the consumer purchase activity will increase and subsequently sales will increase. forefinger Organization present.. I College certificate.. . . II Guide certificate. . III Preface IV Acknowledgment. V Declaration VI Executive summary. VII Chapter1. Introduction.. 3 1. 1 denomination of the Project.. 13 1. 2 Overview of cable carmobile Industry. 13 1. 3 About Bajaj. 20 1. 4 Problem De finition. 22 1. 5 Scope of Study. 22 1. 6 Objectives of Study . 23 1. 7 Limitations.. 23 Chapter2. Review of Literature. 24 Chapter3. Research methodology. 30 3. 1 Introduction.. 0 3. 2 Research Design. 31 3. 3 Sources of selective information 32 3. 4 entropy Collection Method 33 3. 5 Sampling Plan 34 Chapter4. Data analysis and Interpretation.. 35 Chapter5. Findings.. 45 Chapter6. Conclusion and Suggestions.. 46 Chapter7. References. . .. 48 7. Bibliography.. .. 48 7. 2 Appendix.. 50 CHAPTER 1 Introduction- 1. 1 backup of the project- Title of the project is Study of Marketing Research On Bajaj Bike 1. 2 Overview of railway car Industry- The History of the railcarmobile real began about 4,000 years ago when the starting signal wheel was utilise for merchant marine in India. Several Italians recorded designs for wind-driven fomites. The branch wasGuido da Vigevano in 1335. It was a windmill-type drive to gears and thus to wheels. Vaturio designed a similar vehicle that was also never make.Later Leonardo da Vinci designed clockwork-driven tricycle with shit steering and a differential mechanism among the rear wheels. In the early 15th coulomb, the Portuguese arrived in China and the interaction of ii cultures led to a variety of new base technologies, including the creation of a wheel that turned under its own king. By the 1600s, excellent steam-powered locomotive locomotive engine moldings were developed, except it was another century before a full-sized engine-powered vehicle was created. A Catholic priest named Father Ferdinan Verbiest is credited to have built a steam-powered vehicle for the Chinese Emperor Chien Lung in about 1678.There is no information about the vehicle, however the situation. Since James Watt didnt invent the steam engine until 1705, we can guess that this was possibly a model vehicle powered by a mechanism like Heros steam engine-a-spinning wheel with jets on the periphery. Although by the mid-15thcentury th e sentiment of a self-propelled vehicle had been put into practice with the using of experimental vehicles powered by means of springs, clockworks, and the wind, Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot of France is considered to have built the source true motorcarmobile in 1769.Designed by Cugnot and constructed by M. Brezin, it is also the first vehicle to affect under its own power for which there is a record. Cugnots three-wheeled steam-powered vehicle carried quadruple persons and was meant to move artillery pieces. It had a top speed of a little more than 3. 2 km/h (2 mph) and had to stop every 20 legal proceeding to build up a fresh steam. Evans was the first American who obtained a patent for a self-propelled carriage. He, in fact, attempted to create a two-in-one combination of a steam wagon and a flat-bottomed boat, which didnt receive any attention in those days.During the 1830s, the steam vehicle had made great advances. But stiff tilt from railway companies and crude legislations in Britain forced the poor steam vehicle gradually out of use on highroads. Carl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler, both Germans, share the credit of changing the transport habits of the world, for their efforts hardened the foundation of the great motor industry, as we know it today. First, Carl Benz invented the gaseous state engine in 1885 and a year later Daimler made a car driven by motor of his own design and the rest is history.Daimlers engine proved to be a great success in the first place because of its less weight that could deliver 1000rpm and needed solely very small and light vehicles to carry them. France too had joined the motoring scenario by 1890 when two Frenchmen Panhard and Levassor began producing vehicles powered by Daimler engine, and Daimler himself, possessed by the automobile spirit, went on adding new features to his engine. He built the first V-Twin engine with a glowing platinum tube to explode the cylinder gas-the very earliest form of sparking plug.Charl es Duryea built a motor carriage in America with petrol engine in 1892, followed by Elwood Haynes in 1894, thus paving the way for motorcars in that country. For many years aft(prenominal) the introduction of automobiles, three kinds of power sources were in common use steam engines, gasoline or petrol engines, and galvanizing motors. In 1900, oer 2,300 automobiles were registered in unsanded York, Boston, Massachusetts, and Chicago. Of these, 1,170 were steam cars, 800 were electric cars, and tho 400 were gasoline cars.In ten years from the invention of the petrol engine, the motorcar had evolved itself into amazing designs and shapes. By 1898, there were 50 automobile-manufacturing companies in the join States, a number that rose to 241 by 1908. In that year, Henry track transmutationized the manufacture of automobileswith his throng- line style of performance and brought out the Model T, a car that was inexpensive, versatile, and easy to maintain. Herbert Austin and Will iam Morris, two different carmakers, introduced mass production methods of assembly in the UK, thus paving the way for a r organic evolution in the automobile industry.Austin Seven was the worlds first practical four-seater baby car which brought the pleasures of motoring to many thousands of people who could not buy a larger, more expensive car. Even the bull-nose Morris with front attach engine became the well-loved model and one of the well-nigh popular cars in the 1920s. Automobile manufacturers in the 1930s and 1940s smoothend and meliorated on the principles of intersection and other pioneers. Cars were commonplacely large, and many were still extremely expensive and idealistic many of the nearly needible cars date from this time.The change magnitude affluence of the unite States after World War II led to the development of large, petrol-consuming vehicles, magical spell nigh companies in Europe made smaller, more fuel-efficient cars. Indian Automobile History In dia is the second largest manufacturer and producer of two-wheelers in the world. It stands next barely to Japan and China in terms of the number of two-wheelers produced and domestic sales respectively. The Indian two-wheeler industry made a small beginning in the early 50s whenAutomobile Products of India (API)started manufacturing scooters in the country.Until 1958, API and Enfield were the sole producers. In1948, Bajaj Autobegan barter in importedVespa scooters and three-wheelers. Finally,in 1960, it set up a shop to manufacture them in technical collaboration with Piaggioof Italy. The agreement run out in 1971. In the initial stages, the scooter surgical incision was dominated by API, it was laterovertaken by Bajaj Auto. Although various government and private enterprises entered the fray for scooters, the solitary(prenominal) new player that has lasted till today is LML. Under the regulated regime, hostile companies were not allowed to operate in India.It was a complete se ller market with the waiting period for getting a scooter fromBajaj Auto macrocosm as high as 12 years. The bikes segment was no different, with only three manufacturers vizEnfield, Ideal Jawa and Escorts. While Enfield bulletwas a four-stroke bike, Jawa and the Rajdoot were two-stroke bikes. The motorcycle segment was initially dominated byEnfield 350cc bikes and Escorts 175cc bike. The two-wheeler market wasopened to foreign competitionin themid-80s. And then market leaders Escorts and Enfield were caught unaware by the flood of the 100cc bikes of the four Indo-Japanese joint ventures.With the accessibility of fuel efficient low power bikes, demand swelled, resulting in Hero Honda then the only producer of four stroke bikes (100cc category), gaining a top slot. The first Japanese motorcycles were introduced in the early eighties. TVS Suzuki and Hero Hondabrought in the first two-stroke andfour-stroke enginemotorcycles respectively. These two players initially started with as sembly of CKD kits, and later on progressed to indigenous manufacturing. In the 90s the major growth for motorcycle segment was brought in by Japanese motorcycles, which grew at a rate of nearly 25% CAGR in the last five years.The industry had a smooth ride inthe 50s, 60s and 70swhen the Government prohibited new entries and purely controlled energy expansion. The industry saw a sudden growth in the 80s. The industry witnessed a steady growth of 14% leading to a peak volume of 1. 9mn vehicles in 1990. The entry of energising Honda in eighties with a variometric scooter helped in providing ease of use to the scooter owners. In 1990, the entireautomobile industry sawadrastic bloodin demand. This resulted in adecline of 15% in 1991 and 8% in 1992, resulting in a production loss of 0. mn vehicles. nix Hero Honda, all the major producers suffered from recession in FY93 and FY94. Hero Honda showed a marginal decline in 1992. The reasons for recession in the sector were the invariabl e rise in fuel prices, high input costs and rock-bottom purchasing power due to significant rise in general price level and credit crunch in consumer financing. Factors like increased production in 1992, due to new entrants coupled with the recession in the industry resulted in company either reporting losses or a fall in profits.India is one of the very few countries manufacturing three-wheelersin the world. It is the worlds largest manufacturer and seller of three-wheelers. Bajaj Auto commands a monopolyin the domestic market with amarket share of above 80%, therest is dual-lane by Bajaj Tempo, Greaves Ltd and Scooters India. The total number of registered two-wheelers and three wheelers on road in India, as on March 31, 1998 was 27. 9mn and 1. 7mn respectively. The two wheeler creation has al virtually doubled in 1996 from a base of 12. 6mn in 1990. 1. 3 About Bajaj-TheBajaj Groupcame into existencein 1926, during the turmoil and the heady euphory of Indias freedom struggle. J amnalal Bajaj, founder of the group, was a close confidant and ally of Mahatma Gandhi, and was deeply involved in the effort for freedom. The integrity, dedication, resourcefulness and determination to surveil which are characteristic of the company today, are often traced back to its ingest during those long days of relentless devotion to a common cause. Kamalnayan Bajaj, the eldestson of Jamnalal Bajaj, at the age of 27,he took over the reins of businessin 1942.Putting the Nation before business, he devoted himself to the latter only after India achieved independence in 1947 and then after he was able to give his full attention to the business. Kamalnayan Bajajnot only consolidated the group, still also diversified into various manufacturing activities, elevating the group to the status it enjoys till this day. At presentChairman and Managing Director of the group, is Rahul Bajaj,took charge of the businesssince 1965and is recognized as one of the most outstanding business le aders in India.As dynamic and ambitious as his illustrious predecessors, he has been recognized for his achievement at various national and international forums. Bajajis currentlyIndias Largest Two and Three Wheeler manufacturerand one of the biggest in the world. Under Rahul Bajajsleadership, the turnover of the Bajaj Auto the flagship company has gone up fromRs. 72 million to Rs. 46. 16 zillion (USD 936 million),its product portfolio has dramatizeed from one to and the pit has found a world-wide market. He is one of Indias most wonderful business leaders and internationally respected for his business acumen and entrepreneurial spirit. . 4 Problem Definition- There are many companies manufacturing motorcycles into the market, at the same time as there are many companies manufacturing motorcycles, idea about thinking of customer on whether, what, how, and for whom to purchase the motorcycle. Therefore, investigate is needed to measure present consumer buying behavior at the purchase of Bajaj bike. So the tec puzzle is to identify what are the criteria that prospective customer takes into amity before buying the motorcycles. 1. 5 Scope of Study- The study on Marketing Research would help us- To know about his product effectiveness in the market vis-a-vis the total product * New Products * Various brands * Pricing * Market Structures and exaction of product strategy, etc. * To get feedback from customer. * Company also wants the suggestion for improvement from users of Bajaj Vehicles. 1. 6 Objectives of Study- Study of Marketing Research Regarding Two Wheeler (Automobiles Industry) * The demographics of who is buying the product at the present compared to the demographics of people buying competitors products. Satisfaction of customers and potential customers with the products they are buying. * Attitudes of customers and potential customers towards the value for money of the products from different suppliers. * Features about the product that custo mers would like to hold improved. * The awareness amongst potential customers of product. * Factors that would prompt potential customers to buy from the company. 1. 7 Limitations- * The market vignette was limited to area of Pune city. * Time Constraint. * In such cases respondents were not able to give all information was taken. We cant lose each and every user because of human limitations and other conundrums so we select just about sample. CHAPTER 2 Review of Literature- As noted by NMCC (2006), competitiveness of manufacturing sector is a very broad multi-dimensional concept that embraces numerous aspects such as price, quality, productiveness, efficiency and macro- sparing environment. There are numerous studies on auto industry in India, published by industry associations, consultancy organizations, research bodies and peer-reviewed journals. In this section, various studies on the Indian auto industry are eviewed, under different heads pertaining to global compares, fiscal and trade policies and evolution of the Indian auto industry and other aspects. Global Comparisons The Investment Information and doctrine Rating Agency of India (ICRA, 2003) studies the competitiveness of the Indian auto industry, by global comparisons of macro environment, policies and cost social organization. This has a detailed account on the evolution of the global auto industry. The United States was the first major player from 1900 to 1960, after which Japan took its place as the cost-efficient leader.Cost efficiency being the only real means in as mature an industry as automobiles to retain or improve market share, global auto manufacturers have been sourcing from the developing countries. India and China have emerged as favourite destinations for the first-tier OEMs since late 1980s. There are only a few dominant Indian OEMs, while the number of OEMs is very large in China (122 car manufacturers and 120 motorcycle manufacturers). ICRA (2004) analyses the implicati ons of the India-ASEAN5 Free Trade Agreements for the Indian self-propelled industry.ASEAN economies are globally more integrated than India. The current size of Indian and ASEAN market for automobiles is more or less the same but the Indian market has a larger growth potential than the ASEAN market due to the low level of penetration. The labour cost is low in India but the sozzled labour regulations erode this advantage. The level of infrastructure is better in India than Indonesia and the Philippines but worse than that in other ASEAN countries. The financial and banking sector is better in India than in the ASEAN countries.The study notes that there is a huge excess capacity in ASEAN countries, in comparison with that in India, which will help them to adopt the excess demand that may arise in future. The study finds a 20-30 per cent cost disadvantage for Indian companies on account of gross and infrastructure and 5-20 per cent labour cost advantage over comparable ASEAN-mem ber-based companies. Similar findings are noted in a study by the self-propelling Component Manufacturers Association of India (ACMA, 2004), peculiarly in comparison with Thailand. indemnity Environment and Evolution of Indian Auto Industry In this section, studies on the form _or_ system of government environment pertaining to the Indian auto industry and its evolution over the years have been reviewed. Pingle (2000) reviews the constitution framework of Indias automobile industry and its impact on its growth. While the ties between bureaucrats and the managers of state-owned enterprises played a dictatorial graphic symbol especially since the late 1980s, ties between politicians and industrialists and between politicians and labour leaders have impeded the growth.The first phase of 1940s and 1950s was characterised by socialist ideology and vested interests, resulting in protection to the domestic auto industry and entry barriers for foreign firms. There was a good relationsh ip between politicians and industrialists in this phase, but bureaucrats played little role. Development of ancillaries segment as recommended by the L. K. Jha Committee report in 1960 was a major event that took place towards the end of this phase.During the second phase of rules, regulations and politics, many political developments and economic problems affected the auto industry, especially rider cars segment, in the 1960s and 1970s. though politicians picked winners and losers mainly by licensing production, this situation changed with oil crises and other related political and macro-economic constraints. The third phase starting in the early 1980s was characterised by delicensing, liberalization and opening up of FDI in the auto sector.These policies resulted in the cheek of new LCV manufacturers (for example, Swaraj Mazda, DCM Toyota) and passenger car manufacturers. 7 All these developments led to geomorphological changes in the Indian auto industry. Pingle argues that sta te intervention and ownership need not imply poor results and performance, as demonstrated by Maruti Udyog throttle (MUL). Further, the noncontractual relations between bureaucrats and MUL dictated most of the policies in the 1980s, which were biased towards passenger cars and MUL in particular.However, DCosta (2002) argues that MULs success is not curiously attributable to the support from bureaucrats. Rather, any firm that is as good as MUL in terms of scale economies, first-comer advantage, affordability, product novelty, consumer choice, financing schemes and extensive function networks would have performed as well, even in the absence of bureaucratic support. DCosta has other criticisms about Pingle (2000) The major shortcoming of Pingles study is that it ignores the issues related to sectors pecific technologies and regional differences across the country.In August 2006, a enlist of self-propelling Mission Plan Statement prepared in reference book with the industry was re leased by the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises. This was finally released as a report in December 2006. This document draws an action plan to take the turnover of the automotive industry in India to US$145 billion by 2016, accounting for more than 10 per cent of the GDP and providing superfluous employment to 25 million people, by 2016. A special emphasis is laid on small cars, MUVs, two-wheelers and auto-components.Measures suggested include setting up of a National Auto Institute, streamlining government/educational/research institutions to the needs of the auto industry, upgrading infrastructure, considering changes in duty structure and fiscal incentives for RD. Similarly, NMCC (2006), which lays down a national strategy for manufacturing, recognises the importance of the Indian automobile and auto-component industry, particularly the latter, as a competitive knowledge-based industry with immense employment generation potential.The policy recommendations of this study include VAT implementation, lower indirect valuatees, power reforms, tax benefits linked to trade earnings, duty-cut for raw material imports, RD incentives for a longer period, establishment of auto parks, benefits for export-seeking investments, human resources development and modernisation investment firm for new investments in auto clusters. Industry players have been advised to improve their operational performance, determine their strategic posture as one among those set in the study, improve capabilities in line with their posture and invest very rapidly in a planned manner.ACMA needs to promote India as a brand, enable sourcing from India by global customers and promote the quality and productivity efforts of the autocomponent firms in India. ACMA (2006) notes that Indias joining the WP (Working Party) 29 1998 Agreement for global harmonisation of automotive standards, coupled with the funding of National Automotive Testing and Research Infrastructure Project (NATRIP) by the Government of India, has increased prospects of the Indian auto industry rising up to global standards in the near future, in all aspects.Narayanan (2004) analyses the determinants of growth of Indian automobile firms during three different policy regimes, namely, licensing (1980-81 to 1984-85), deregulation (1985-86 to 1990-91) and liberalisation (1991-92 to 1995-96). Unlike the prediction by Narayanan (1998), this study finds that upright integration is detrimental for growth in a liberalised regime as it potentially limits diversification. Narayanan (2006) also finds that vertical integration plays a positive role in a regulated regime, while it is not conducive for export competitiveness in a liberal regime. CHAPTER 3 Research methodology- . 1 Introduction- Marketing research is the function which links the consumer, customer and public to the marketers through information used to identify and define marketing, opportunities and problems, generates refine marke ting action monitor marketing performance and improve apprehension of marketing as a member. Marketing research specifies the information needed to address these issues designs the method for assembling information manages and implements the data collection passage analysis the results and communication the findings and their implication. Research definition- Research is careful doubtfulness or examination to discover new information and relationship and to expand and to verify exiting knowledge Research always starts with questions or a problem. Its innovation is to find answer to questions through the application of the scientific method. It is a positive and intensive study directed towards a more complete knowledge of the subject studies. 3. 2 Research Design- Research design is the plan, structure and strategy of investigation conceived so as to obtain answer to research question and to control variance. From definition it is evident that research design is one or ess a blueprint of research. At the outset may be noted that there are several ways of studying and tackling a problem. There is no signal perfect design. The research design can be classified in to true broad categories (A) preliminary (B) descriptive (C) Casual Exploratory research is focus on the discovery of ideas. Exploratory research is carried out to define problems and developed hypothesis to test later. An alpha study is generally based on the secondary data that are reading available. It does not have to change his focus of direction, depending on the availability of new ideas and relationship among variables.descriptive studies are undertaken in many circumstances. Descriptive studies can be complex, determining a high degree of scientific skill on the part of the researcher. Casual research helps in pertinacious cause and effect relationship. Between two or more variables. The present study seeks to find out the consumers attitude towards buying of bike. The study also ai ms at findings out the drawbacks of the marketing set up of BAJAJ AUTO LTD. So this makes the study a descriptive one. 3. 3 Sources of Data- The sources of data collection methods are as follows. a) Primary data- Primary data i. e. ollected for the first time. It is fresh and originally collected by the surveyor. I will used only first data in calculating the study and collect the data. b) Secondary data- Secondary data are those data which are already collected by someone for some purpose and are available for the present study secondary data are already collected by the companys records and other librarys books. When the secondary data are sufficient, the researcher has to be satisfied with the elemental sources of data. Secondary data can be used as bases for comparison with primary data have been collected by questionnaire. . 4 Data Collection Method- While making an analysis,Primary datarepresents a true and correct picture of subject to be studied ascompared to the secondary data, which is second hand has become obsolete. So to know about the current situation of the market and actual facts, collection and analysis of primary data is of significance. We have presented the Research findings on the basis of Primary Datacollected through asurveyconducted with the help of questionnaires of customers of Pune City. The questionnaire contains three types of questions. * unrestricted question-It is helpful in knowing what is uppermost in the intellect of the respondents. It gives complete freedom to the respondent. * Dichotomous questions- It has only two answers in form yes or no, true or false, use or do not use. So the respondent is offered two or more choice. * Multiple-choice question- In this, the respondent is offered two or more choice. 3. 5 Sampling Plan- Sampling is a process of obtaining the information about the entire population by examine a part of it . The effectiveness of the research depends on the sample size selected for the survey purpos e. A) Sample Site- The survey was conducted in PUNE CITY. (B)Sampling Unit- It means Who is to be surveyed. Here mark population is decided and it is who are interested to purchase Bike and sampling frame is developed so that everyone in the target population has known chance of being sampled. So the survey is conducted particularly in Pune City. (C)Sample size- We collect several sample for both Market Research. Total 134 outlets were surveyed for both project. * 82 outlets were surveyed for the project of inspection and repair Satisfaction of customers from Automotive Mfrsafter purchasing Vehicle. 52 outlets were surveyed for the project of Customer Perception for buying Vehicle. CHAPTER 4 Data analysis and Interpretation- We Collect Data of 82 Vehicles for Market Research of Bajaj Dealer dish out. Q. 1)From where Customer Purchase Vehicle? Q. 2)Where you profit your vehicle? Q. 3)Time taken at service station to agnize vehicle problem is Appropriate? Q. 4)Have they understa nd service problem rightly? Q. 5)Have customer get Expense Detail of service in advance? Q. 6)After Competion of value have they give Information about what they do in Service?Q. 7)Behaviors of Automotives staff is proper or not? Q. 8) presumptuousness Problem is Solved by the Engineers or Not? Q. 9) Have you got obstetrical delivery of vehicle in time after giving it in Service? Q. 10) The customer Satisfied with Service or Not? CHAPTER 5 Findings- * We conduct 82 sample for know the customer service satisfaction of Automotive Mfrs Pvt Ltd. * From this 82 sample, 49 samples are of Automotive, 24 sample of Rajashri 9 other Bajajs dealer in Pune. * 71% Customer are satisfied with Automotives service 29% are not satisfied due to some reasons. Automotive save the time of customer by taking lesser time while they come for go their vehicle. And also engineer understand customers problem properly. * Automotive gives expense detail advance so most of customer are satisfied with the expense detail. * Service satisfaction of automotive customer is higher than other dealers service. * If some customer make service on both Rajashri and Automotive then the customer prefer Automotive more because Automotive give qualitative service so that customer satisfaction from Automotive is higher. CHAPTER 6 Conclusion and Suggestions-The Suggestionsthat are given byCustomers and we give suggestions as a market researcher for Improving in a service. Because after selling of a vehicle customer may has some of the problem and customer come for resolve their problem through service and company should try to give proper service to satisfy customer by solving their problem. The suggestions are as followed * Company should takeless timefor service the vehicle. * Company takes high Charges for Pay Service. This should be reducing. * Company shouldfacilitate a Schemefor servicing Old Vehiclesso that all the customer service their vehicle at companys service station. Dealers should improvestaff behavior. Some time it create trouble for customers. * Price of spare partsshould belesserthan market price. * Some time Vehicles problem is not solved so company try to concentrate on solving a problem and also see that this type of problem should not arise in future. * Sometimes they onlywash the vehicles. This should not happen in future otherwise company can loose the customer. * All partsshould be available at service station. Because sometime customer face the problem that parts are not available. Only one person should take the responsibilityto check * the vehicles problem and also to solve the problem. CHAPTER 7 References- 7. 1 Bibliography- a) Kotler, Philip 2002,PHI(I)P. ltd, Marketing management b) Kothari, C. R. 2001,Himayalayan Publications, Research Methodology Magazines and News papers- a) Auto car India b) Business Today c) Business World d) Business India e) stinting Times f) The Hindu g) India Today Websites Visited- http//xkmph. com/discuss/index. php? topic=2298. 0 http//allprojectreports. com/index. htm http//pakistanmba. jimdo. com/free-marketing-projects-2/ ttp//www. skirec. com/ http//findpdf. net/ebooks/books-about-case-study-about-marketing-strategy-Bajaj-Auto-case-study-about-marketing-channels-free-download. hypertext markup language http//nisearch. com/bajaj-auto/1/ http//tejas-iimb. org/articles/21. php http//www. stuffspec. com/publicfiles/Summer_Internship_Project_Report_In_Ms_Word_Format. html http//wwww. justdial. com/srch/all_indiasrch/all_india. php http//hbr. org/product/bajaj-auto-ltd-portuguese-version/an/508P02-PDF-POR http//stocktraderschat. com/search/two-wheeler-automotive-product-manufacture/1/ http//www. fundinguniverse. om/company-histories/Bajaj-Auto-Limited-Company-History. html http//www. scribd. com/doc/50035324/Study-on-Consumer-Buying-Behaviour-amp-Satisfaction-Level-of-Two-Wheeler-With-Refrence-to-Bajaj-Auto-Ltd 7. 2 Appendix- Questionnaire Q. 1. How many brand of two-wheeler do you know? MOB IKE SCOOTER Hero Honda LML Bajaj Auto Honda Suzuki Bajaj Auto TVSKinetic Engineering Enfield Yahama Cosmo Blaster LML Q. 2. Which type of two wheeler you prefer most? (a) Motor Bike (b) Scooter (c) Moped / Scooties Q. 3. which attributes do you like most in your two-wheeler? Rates the Various factors you consider most? (1-6, 1 is most important) (1. ) Luggage space (2. ) Fuel Efficiency (3. ) Pick up (4. ) Resale value (5. ) Driving comfort (6. ) Out look Q. 4. what is your source of finance? (a) stick Loan (b) Finance Company (c) Self financing (d) Any former(a) Q. what are the external factors that influence you about purchasing Bike? (a) marker media (b) Electronic media (c) Exhibition (d) Trade shows (e) Brand image Q. 6 which brand right now you are having? (a) Hero Honda (b) Bajaj Auto (c) TVS (d) Suzuki (e) Yamaha (f ) LML Q. 7. Should Company go for innovation in context to development of new Bike? (a) Yes (b) No Q. 8. While going for the development of new bike which poi nt the company Should keep in mind (a) Acceptability of customer (b) Scale of economic c) Comfort (d) Design (e) Others Q . 9 According to you which companys model you like most and Why- (A) Bajaj Caliber (b) TVS Victor (c) Honda Activa (d) Yahama Libero (e) Hero Honda Ambition Q. 10. occupy give suggestions to improve your present brand. __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________CUSTOMER PERSONAL INFORMATION A. wee-wee-___________________________________________ B. Address-___________________________________________ C. phone no-__________________________________________ D. Age (in year)- 18 to 2021 to 25 26 to 3031 to 35 36 to 4041 above E. Occupation- ServicesBusinessman StudentsProfessional Others F. monthly income- 5000 5000-10,000 10,000-15,000 15,000-20,000 20,000 Above Sing. ___________________ Date. _____ ______________

Difficult Times Always Lead To Better Days

either cloud has a silver lining means that you should never whole step hopeless because punishing times always lead to better days. toilsome times argon like dark clouds that pass overhead and shut off the sun that after some time the cloud shines frequently brighter than previous time. disembodied spirit is full of challenges and the longer we live, the more we face sore events or challenges in life. Some pass easily and others not.So at that place atomic number 18 two kinds of pile in this gentleman one who whole caboodle hard and overcome the maculation and the other are those who intrusts up rapidly. The world we live in is not perfective aspect, and we will never ever pass off a world which is perfect in itself. Every day in that location will be things that pull us cry or tincture sad about ourselves. mass who will stand in mien of the difficulties which they face, they will be equal to improve themselves and let their dreams come true. They are known as queer stack and the entire world reward them.In contrast, there are people who watch their steps carefully, they take up their books and do what their bosses, parents, or teachers tell them to do. still if they, for example, could not solve a math problem they will tightfitting their books and stop studying. Furthermore, if there is a problem between a maintain and a married woman, and this husband or wife is one of those people who give up easily, they may get divorce from the first difficulty hardly if they stand against the problem and face that problem, it may possible that they will advance the situation.Difficult Times Always Lead To Better DaysEvery cloud has a silver lining means that you should never feel hopeless because difficult times always lead to better days. Difficult times are like dark clouds that pass overhead and block the sun but after some time the cloud shines much brighter than previous time. Life is full of challenges and the longer we live, th e more we face new events or challenges in life. Some pass easily and others not. So there are two kinds of people in this world one who works hard and overcome the situation and the other are those who gives up rapidly.The world we live in is not perfect, and we will never ever find a world which is perfect in itself. Every day there will be things that make us cry or feel sad about ourselves. People who will stand in front of the difficulties which they face, they will be able to improve themselves and let their dreams come true. They are known as brave people and the entire world respect them. In contrast, there are people who watch their steps carefully, they study their books and do what their bosses, parents, or teachers tell them to do.But if they, for example, could not solve a math problem they will close their books and stop studying. Furthermore, if there is a problem between a husband and a wife, and this husband or wife is one of those people who give up easily, they ma y get divorced from the first difficulty but if they stand against the problem and face that problem, it may possible that they will win the situation.

The Religion of Islam

The religion of Islam, unfortunately, has been exposed m whatever unfair criticisms from nonmuslims. Especially about how Muslim Laws be inured towards the women. on that point ar plenty of mi take advantageterpretations and accusations. It needs to mean about fundamental and basic principles in Islam. harmonise to Islam, hu opus beings are non evil and sinful creatures, and they do non come to the world with purpose to sin. Human beings are non sinful until they choose to sin.Un uniform Christianity, a newborn baby considered to be pure, innocent, and considered as if s(he) a given range from Allah. There is even a express in Turkish like a paradise-scented child. This saying refers that the children are innocent and as if they are glide path from the paradise. Also, every human is equal in Islam regardless of their race, color, and class.Islam is not clear with only unitary age, it is for every age. Khurshid Ahmad describes the aim of Islam as, Islam aims at establis hing an equilibrium surrounded by these two aspects of conduct the material and the spiritual. (36)An opposite spot in Islam is that how ledger describes evening. In Quran, evening is not represented an evil or a attractive char charr.Quran puts an equivalent blame on tenners and Eves mistake. It does not separate Eve from Adam. Eve is not portrayed as a deceiver or a seducer. Eve is not blamed for seducing Adam to eat the payoff from the forbidden tree. Actually, in Quran Surah Taha, pen 121 Thus, Adam disobeyed his shaper, and fell. This verse states that Adam is especially blamed for the sin not Eve.Another important detail is that the original sin concept. It does not exist in Islam. For this reason, Adams sin is not inherited to the other human beings like it does in Christianity. This is because Adam and Eve repented to Allah and they had forgiven. Allah does not punish any sensation for others sins.Therefore, in Islam, every one is responsible for their have go t actions, and their own sins.The Quran provides clear-cut evidence that char fair sex in completely equated with man in the sight of Allah in terms of her rights and responsibilities (Ahmad 136).In Quran Surah Al- Imran verse 195 Their Lord answered the Prayer thus I forget not suffer the wager of any of you, whether male or female, to go to waste each of you is from the other This part of the verse barely refers that there is no discrimination surrounded by a man and a adult female in the presence of Allah. In Islam, the superiority only occurs when it comes to the actions.Other features are not important. For instance, being a man or a female, noble or ignoble, those features do not affect the actions that dupe done. It is crystal clear that there is no deflection in the midst of a man and a woman. Later on, the Quran states once again that there is no discrimination between a man and a woman in Surah An-Nisaa verse 124 But whoever industrial plant righteousness, whe ther male or female, and is a believer those will enter Paradise, and will not be wronged a whit.The only thing that matter is the actions. Another Surah emphasizes the same subject area again, in Surah An-Nahl verse 97 Whoever works righteousness, whether male or female, spot being a believer, we will grant him a good lifeand We will reward them according to the best of what they used to do. As want as following Allah and embrace the religion, believers will be rewarded by their works and actions.In Islam there are some religious obligations, for instance, routine prayers, fasting, alms, and passing on a pilgrimage. A man and a woman have same obligations and duties for those religious obligations. Except some circumstances, to give an example, a woman tin be privileged from prayers throughout her mensuration.The same case applies for fasting. There can be some exceptional for the women, otherwise the man and the women are equally responsible for the obligations. In the Pre-I slamic age of ignorance, if someone has a lady fri dismiss as his or her first child, burying her was vastly common amongst the various Arabian tribes. Surah An-Nahl verses 58-59 describe the how mint react when they have a daughter. And when one of them is given news of a female infant, his face darkens, and he chokes with grief.He hides from the people because of the bad news given to him. Shall he keep it in humiliation, or bury it in the dust? What an evil choice they get back on? Quran unquestionably and strictly forbids the infanticide. With the acceptance of Islam, the daughters were protected and handleed fairly. Females had gained rights with the Islam. Surely, during the age of ignorance women were treated as if they were the objects, and they had no right.Prior to the advent of Islam, woman had no rights to speak of. When a womans husband died, any of his male relatives would simply appropriate her, as if she was an animal or a commodity ( Al-Ghazili)The prophet Moha mmad (pbuh) has a saying about treating the daughters Whosoever has a daughter and he does not bury her alive, does not insult her, and does not favor his son everyplace her, Allah will admit him to Paradise because of her. (Ibn Hanbal Hadith No 1957).Even clean by deducing from this Hadith that in Islam, the daughter has an equal position with the son. More over, it can be verbalize that how treating a daughter significant for awarding the founder with the Paradise. Woman in the marriage in the Quran states in one of the Surah which is Al-Rum verse 21 And among His Signs is this, that He created for you mates from among yourselves, that you may dwell in tranquility with them, and He has put love and mercy between your (hearts) verily in that are Signs for those who reflect.The Quran clearly indicates that marriage is sharing between the two halves of the society, and its objectives, beside perpetuating human life, are emotional well-being and spiritual harmony. Its bases are love and mercy (Ahmed 138). Furthermore, a woman cannot force into marriage without her own approval according to Islamic Law.The rules for married life in Islam are clear and in harmony with upright human nature. A woman and a man both have equal rights and claims on one another, except for one responsibility, that of leadership. This is a matter which is natural in any collective life and which is consistent with the nature of man (Ahmed 138). In Surah Al-Baqarah verse 228 And they (women) have rights similar to those (of men) over them to what is reasonable, provided men have a degree (of responsibility) over them. And Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise.Having a degree has to do with the maintenance and fortress of a women, and as Khurshid Ahmed refers that it is the natural difference between the sexes which entitles the weaker sex to protection. It does not imply no superiority or advantage before the law, and the mans employment of leadership in relation to his family does not mean the husbands dictatorship over his wife (138).One of the distinction between Islam and Christianity is about remarriage of the widows.Unlike Christianity, the widows or break women do not expose to discrimination against the unmarried women or another. According to Islam, a divorced or widowed woman has the right to hook up with without any shame or denunciation. In fact, the Quran allows the betrothal of a divorced or widowed woman even during her period of passage (Jawad 34). In Surah Al-Baqarah 235 states as It shall be no offence for you openly to direct marriage indirectly to such women or to cherish them in your hearts.Allah knows that you will remember them. Do not arrange to meet them in undercover and, if you do, speak to them honorably. But you shall not consummate the marriage before the end of their waiting period. Know that Allah has knowledge of all your thoughts. Therefore, take heed and tolerate in mind that Allah is forgiving and merciful.This verse ment ions there is no sin in offering a marriage implicitly to a woman whose husband died and waiting for the iddat.The explanation of Iddat is a period of time during which a divorced or widowed woman may not remarry (oxforddictionaries.com). This offering can be through expressing the intention of the man by asking questions or stating his wishes to the woman. By this way, womans opinion will find out, and if the woman wishes to marry that man, it will be prevented the woman to promise someone else. Islam value the treating respectful and kind to the parents, but especially to the mothers.In Islam, women are in any case valued being a mother too. For instance, In the Quran, there is a suggestion for the polite behavior for the mothers. In Surah Luqman verse 14 And we enjoined upon man to be dutiful to his parents. His mother bore him in helplessness upon weakness Likewise, in Surah Al-Ahqaf verse 15 And We have enjoined upon man, to his parents, good treatment.His mother carried hi m with adversity and gave birth to him with hardship Surah Al-Ahqaf verse 15 indicates that Allah ordered to us to treat our parents kindly and take care of them. It is also emphasized that how our mothers suffered during her pregnancy with having nausea and at the same how challenging her labor was. Similarly, in Surah Al-Isra verse 23 is regarding the good and polite treatment towards the parents Your Lord has commanded that you worship none but Him, and that you be good to your parents.If either of them or both of them reach grey-haired age with you, do not say to them a word of disrespect, nor knock them, but say to them kind words. There are several sayings of The seer Mohammad (pbuh). One day, The Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) stated Be regretful when they say Who? O The messenger of Allah The Prophet Mohammad (pbuh) replied as It is the person who cannot enter the Paradise because he did not show respect one or both of his parents in their old age. (Birr and S?la 251)Furthe rmore, The Prophet Mohammad has a well-known saying Paradise is at the feet of mothers (Ibn Hanbal). One more case can be given asA man came to Mohammad (pbuh) asking, O Messenger of Allah, who among the people is the worthiest of my good company? The Prophet (pbuh) said, Your mother.The man said, Then who else? The Prophet (pbuh) said Your mother. The man said, Then who else? The Prophet (pbuh) said, Your mother. The man said, Then who else? Only and so did the Prophet (pbuh) say Your father. (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) The financial status of a woman is secured in Quran. It can be easily seen in the verses of the Quran.