Looking at Eyewitness TEstimony :: essays research papers

Assignment #2 Article #17 Looking Askance at Eyewitness Testimony   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The use of eyewitnesses has been a constant in of criminal justice system since its very beginning. Unfortunately, people do not make the best witnesses to a crime. The person may not have seen the actual criminal, but someone that looks similar to them. The witness may lie about what he or she may have scene. Also the witness can be influenced by the police as to who or what they saw at the time of the crime. The witness or victims memory of the person may have faded so that they don’t remember exactly what had seen, which could be disastrous for the accused.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With all these possible flaws in the testimony of witnesses and victims why do they continue to use them as primary evidence in criminal cases? The answer is simple; until recently there was no other way to prove whether or not a person was actually at the scene of a crime unless someone saw them or they left some finger prints behind that the police were able to link back to someone, which may have not been left on the victim but in the general vicinity. Until recently, with the recent breakthrough in DNA testing which allows police and investigators to gain an exact match as to who committed the crime.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I personally feel that this is a much more reliable and accurate than relying on the testimony of witnesses. I believe through the use of science we as a society can now make sure that the guilty are caught and punished while the innocent are protected from wrongful prosecution. However the eyewitness should not be completely left out of the case against the possible offender. After it is determined through scientific evidence, in this case DNA, that the physically involved in the crime then witnesses can be brought in to give testimony that the offender was present at the crime scene or the victim can be sure that the accused was truly the one involved in the actual crime.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Also the procedures for recording eyewitnesses testimony have to be revised.

Oprah Winfrey Commencement Speech Essay

Oprah’s audience was very receptive of her mainly because she is a respected icon known all over America. The audience was a group of diverse faculty, staff, graduates, family and friends. When Oprah started her speech welcoming the audience, she gave them an icebreaker saying she wanted to let them in on a secret to personalize her speech. She lets the audience know that her god daughter Kirby attends Stanford and she is very proud of her. Oprah uses humor throughout her speech as she says the name â€Å"Stanford† engaging the audience as she speaks. She gives personal experience in her speech to show her audience that she too had experiences throughout college that could have hindered her from being the icon she is today. Oprah uses great eye contact throughout her speech. She did not read word for word what was on her paper because most of her speech was based off her experience as a student in the past at the beginning of the speech. She gave quotes of her father and B.B. King about learning that is beautiful. She lets the graduates know that your education had just started. Her speech lead on to elaborate on how the world has so many lessons to teach. She lets the audience know that earth is like a school and our lives are the classrooms. Life will have detours and road block but the secret to learn to be open to the lessons. Self improvement will help evolve as human beings. Oprah speaks with an inviting tone keeping her audience engaged. Even though the speech is lengthy, Oprah was not repetitive. She explained a few life lessons of her own journey but still gave humor as she spoke about the main lessons of her speech. The audience was still engaged throughout her speech. Oprah was very familiar with her speech content. She spoke as if she was graduating herself and speaking like she would want to be spoken to as a graduate. Oprah’s posture was appropriate and the gestures she uses with her hands and tone of her voice made the speech stand out more towards her audience. The overall tone of the message was exciting, funny and receptive. Oprah’s speech was spoken to relate to those who were not graduates also. She wants  the audience to understand that a degree is important and you can not allow yourself or others to defer you of a goal or dream. The speech Oprah gave was ethical. She realized the majority of her audience was of the white race and she included her own racial experiences in her speech with the stories she shared. Her own experiences made up the entire speech. The graduates seemed like they were listening and understanding the speech based off the feedback they gave after she spoke. There were interactions from the audience when Oprah spoke about how she made it as the icon talk show host. Oprah conveys to her audience to learn that life is more than just making money. You have to earn it and making money has to have meaning. If you do not have meaning in making your money and making a difference to the world then money doesn’t matter. Oprah shows much inspiration in her speech that should make the audience aspire to be like her or even more. Overall, Oprah did a great job catering to the diverse audience with her speech. It did not seem rehearsed, she gave eye contact and her audience seemed engaged in her speech for the 30 minutes I analyzed it. She did a great job and kept me engaged myself.

Censorship - A Clash of Wills and Morals Essay - 4147 Words

Censorship - A Clash of Wills and Morals A list of the greatest literature of the English language could be compiled almost solely by using a chart of the works most often censored by schools and libraries. Some people believe that the books most frequently banned consist only of trashy paperbacks and frivolous â€Å"beach-reading.† However, usually in censorship cases, there is a clash of wills and morals between the teacher or librarian who finds a work worthy of students’ and community members’ time and the parent or citizen who sees little literary value in the work of choice. Seldom is the teacher or librarian alone in thinking a work justified for reflection. More often than not, the controversial work has†¦show more content†¦The reason a book is banned and the reason a book is lauded are inextricably linked. Controversial works are usually challenged on the basis of religious, sexual, political, and social issues. However, it is interesting to note that most works are actually censored not for the four reasons above, but for the ambiguous charge of â€Å"obscenity.† In Lee Burress’s chart listing the most common reasons for book censorship, the obscenity charge heads the list (Burress, 42). This charge usually remains relatively unexplained and is based on a few choice swear words taken from the challenged text. Censors usually cling to the obscenity charge because they believe it will gather public support as the basis for removing books†¦If there is substantial support for providing a wide range of materials then charges restricting the intellectual content of a book, its racial, religious, or political ideas, are less likely to receive much public support, and so the frequency of [those] charges diminishes. (Burress, 41-44) More often than not the charge of â€Å"obscenity† is merely a cover for other motives the censor may not feel comfortable making known. As one studies the works charged with â€Å"obscenity† or â€Å"bad language,† it seems blatantly clear that some other agenda is at work. Nicholas Karolides notes that â€Å"not all attacks are identified forthrightly; it is apparently moreShow MoreRelated Censorship in art Essay715 Words   |  3 Pages Censorship in Art Censorship has existed in the United States since colonial times. In the early history of American culture censorship’s emphasis was on political statements and actions, banning literature, music and even people from being heard in this country. This leading too more closed-minded views about different cultures and society, which we are still fighting to over come in the present day. Today a better-informed America has switched their views to a more sexual content when decidingRead MoreCensorship in Art733 Words   |  3 PagesCensorship in Art Censorship has existed in the United States since colonial times. In the early history of American culture censorships emphasis was on political statements and actions, banning literature, music and even people from being heard in this country. This leading too more closed-minded views about different cultures and society, which we are still fighting to over come in the present day. Today a better-informed America has switched their views to a more sexual content when decidingRead MoreCensorship Essay1233 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Censorship Censorship is a highly controversial topic regarding the arts, controlling the freedom of expression of artists to convey what is deemed acceptable within society. Ai Weiwei falls victim under the power of the regime and the influence of censorship guidelines within China, limiting the display of his art due to the important messages he raises. Andres Serrano has experienced attempted censorship on his provocative image, Piss Christ, and has been attacked for producing offensive artRead MoreA Closer Look At The Period Between 1930 And 19411370 Words   |  6 Pages Therefore:censorship. Due to strict censorship of politically criticism, many plays were prohibited. Satire was not tolerated, unless it was aimed at the backward previous Qajar dynasty, and because each play had to be cleared by censors, drama found an outlet in the writing and performance at patriotic and historical dramas eulogizing the glories of the past. Because of bawdy and often political nature of performances, in 1930 Reza Shah Pahlavi Censorship officers began demanding to see textsRead MoreThe Importance Of Internet Censorship1378 Words   |  6 PagesInternet Censorship The Internet has become a growing source of entertainment and information over the past years. As more and more people become familiar with the Internet, the potential of its contents grows rapidly, at an uncontrollable rate. With something such as the Internet, which contains virtually an infinite amount of space, more is being added than taken away. Therefore with the growing amount of users, the content grows as well. Different people use the Internet for different things withRead More Television Censorship in the Past and Present Essay example2001 Words   |  9 PagesTelevision Censorship in the Past and Present Typing in the web address http://www.censorship.com, I begin my search for information regarding the controversial subject. After a few seconds of waiting for the site to load, a black background comes up, with black font displaying the message: This site is not accessible because it is categorized as: Sex, Violence, Language. I immediately highlight the web address and annoyingly thrash at the delete button on my keyboard and watch it disappearRead MoreThe Death Of The Police Officer Wilson1368 Words   |  6 PagesThe people of Hong Kong have also been calling for unity of the people of Hong Kong to come together and demand for the democracy which they deserve. These protest in Hong Kong began in the 29th of September 2014. The protesting has led to a large clash between citizens and the police. The citizens are fighting for the promise that China made to them when they were transitioning from British control to China’s in 1997. The people of Hong Kong were promised that â€Å"†¦there would eventually be direct electionsRead More2.1 The Birth Of Free Speech . It Is Difficult To Pinpoint1267 Words   |  6 Pagesfreedom of speech has always been an indispensable condition of what it means to be a free person. The first known martyr to the principle of free speech was Socrates. In 399BC before his jury to city state of Athens he was tried for corruption the morals of Greek youth and he said that he would rather be convicted than suffer restrictions on his free speech. Free speech became more developed during the Enlightenment period by scholars such as John Locke, Baruch Spinoza, Pierre Bayle and others. LockeRead More Censorsh ip in Schools Essay3746 Words   |  15 PagesCensorship in Schools There has recently been a renewed interest and passion in the issue of censorship. In the realm of the censorship of books in schools alone, several hundred cases have surfaced each year for nearly the past decade. Controversies over which books to include in the high school English curriculum present a clash of values between teachers, school systems, and parents over what is appropriate for and meaningful to students. It is important to strike a balance between EnglishRead MoreReligious Sensitivities Between Religion And Art Beckons Controversy And The Wrath Of Family And Community2647 Words   |  11 Pages Religious Sensitivities And Art Savannah Lewis Many artists have broken old traditions by allowing a shroud of their faith and many others have not needed or intended to do so. The clash between religion and art beckons controversy and the wrath of family and community. Despite the sensitivities, ideas, or faiths of any given group or person, religion should not create taboo stipulations on any type of art. [1a] The word taboo â€Å"On the one hand it means to us sacred, consecrated: but on the

Essay about Public School vs. Private Schools - 3613 Words

Public schools are schools that are provided by state and federal funding. Ninety percent of the children today in America attend public school. Private schools include both parochial schools and non-parochial schools. According to a special report published by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) in 2002, in 1999–2000, approximately 27,000 private schools accounted for 24 percent of all schools in the US and 12 percent of all full-time-equivalent teachers. Clearly, there are many more public schools that provide education to American students than their private counterparts. Usually when considering private versus public school, parents will have one or more factors that concern them. When looking at public or private†¦show more content†¦For many parents, this is the hardest factor with which to come to terms. A factor that plays a large role in parents deciding whether to send their children to public or private school is whether or not they want r eligious and or moral instruction to play a part of their children’s academic setting. Overall, religious and moral instruction does not play a part of public schooling. Location is as important a factor as any other when considering whether to enroll your children in a public school or a private school. For public schools, you are either within the zoning district of the public school you want or not. If you are, then you don’t need to worry about anything. If you aren’t, you’ll need to consider whether relocating your family is desirable and feasible in order to get your children enrolled in your public school of choice. For private schools, you’ll need to consider if the location is feasible for your family. Public schools provide transportation to and back from schools. Private schools may or may not. Finally, for many families, a final factor that impacts their decision making process is their ideology regarding private schools or public sc hools, classism, elitism, etc. Parents are not usually on the fence about this factor. They either believe that going to private school is okay or they believe that going to a public school is better in the theoretical sense. Private and Public School Statistics Now that we understandShow MoreRelatedPrivate Schools Vs. Public Schools1406 Words   |  6 Pagesthat private school is more expensive than public school, but has it ever occurred to you why it is like this? Private schools are not just trying to take your money, they are just trying to provide a quality education, without the government funding that public schools get. The tuition money goes to very important things; high quality teachers, better resources and the overall quality and stability of the institution. It is true that private school tuition is expensive, but private schools haveRead MorePrivate Schools Vs Public Schools1723 Words   |  7 Pagesthink of private schools they often think of a quality of educ ation that cannot be found in a public school. Private school education is thought of to be so thorough and innovative that public vouchers are given to individuals just to attend. Many parents could rest easier at night if their kids could attend private school because for generations it has been drilled into the psyche of many that going to private school is a sure way to have a good future. In actuality however, private schools are notRead MorePrivate Schools Vs Public Schools1428 Words   |  6 Pagesstudy in private schools, which almost represents the fifth of students in Saudi Arabia. Although a lot of families prefer to make their children study in private school, that does not mean they are completely satisfied about the schools’ quality and their children’ achievement (Al-Hagbani, 2013). Nevertheless, they still enroll their children in private schools, believing they will benefit more from studying in private schools than public schools. In addition, some p arents believe that private schoolsRead MorePrivate Schools Vs Public Schools1207 Words   |  5 PagesAn Introduction of the Topic Private schools differ from public schools for many different reasons. The major difference is that the government, unlike private schools that are privately funded, funds public schools. Another difference would be that the private schools have more flexibility on what they can teach because the government does not fund them. One other difference that is very prevalent is the social goals of schooling. This topic is a very important issue that many parents struggle withRead MorePrivate Schools Vs. Public Schools998 Words   |  4 Pagesnation. People today might say that private schools are superior to public schools, saying that they are safer and a better environment to learn in. Some might say that a private school is a way of sheltering your child and not letting them experience opportunities and face many problems to learn from. There are many positives and negatives to both sides; it mainly depends on whom you are talking to. Some parents might want their child to go to a pri vate school because the class size is smaller andRead MorePublic Schools vs. Private Schools1027 Words   |  4 Pagesare things to consider before choosing to send your child to a public school or private school. Perhaps doing so would be much easier if you would take the time to research the differences between the two. Public schools are better than private schools because of the diversity, funding and extracurricular activities available. Eileen Gale Kugler, a national advocate for diverse schools, wrote an article about how the diversity in schools makes academic and social improvements. She recalls a memoryRead More Private Schools vs. Public Schools870 Words   |  4 PagesChoosing between a public or a private school for one’s education is as important as deciding where to invest one’s hard-earned money—the consequences influence one’s life forever. In the United States, it is the law for every child to be educated. However, the decision as to where to go for one’s education is up to each individual. There is a great deal of debate as to which is the better option: for-profit private schools or one’s local public school. Ultimately, the decision is made regardingRead MorePrivate Schools vs. Public Schools 1081 Words   |  5 PagesHave you ever attended a private institution? What was your experience like? Think back and compare it to your ideal public school, which on e happens to pale in comparison? Public schools, which are controlled by the government, and heavily influenced, by politicians and privateers, hurt your children, not allowing them to reap the full benefits of their growing mind. â€Å"Our schools have been scientifically designed to prevent over-education from happening. The average American [should be] contentRead MorePrivate School Vs. Public School1254 Words   |  6 PagesThesis: Private school students are more likely to have a better viewpoint in learning, a firm stance in education, and will be more successful in colleges than of public school students. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: According to NCES data, 88 percent of private high school students apply to college, compared to 57 percent of public high school students. Every day parents contemplate whether to send their children to private or public school. There are many dangers that come with public schoolRead MorePrivate Schools Vs Public Schools921 Words   |  4 Pageschild’s education, parents want the best the school has to offer their children. Parents want a prosperous future for their child which is not only health, but a well-educated one. Education is of the utmost importance especially because it will impact the child the most in the long run. Private schools offer ample education opportunities. There are some factors to consider when choose a private school education over a public one. Many times, the private schools are religious are having certain beliefs

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ( Ocd ) - 1717 Words

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is defined as a â€Å"disorder in which intruding, recurring thoughts or obsessions create anxiety that is relieved by performing a repetitive, ritualistic behavior or mental act (compulsion)† (Ciccarelli White, 2012, p.543). OCD is a neuropsychiatric disorder that once was considered to be rare (Stein, 2002). Today it affects two to three percent of people across the globe (Treating obsessive-compulsive, 2009). It is a disorder that is â€Å"equally common in males and females† as adults, but for children, obsessive-compulsive disorder seems to appear more in boys than girls (American Psychiatric Association, 2000, p.459). OCD has a lifetime prevalence of 2.5% in adults, and a 1%-2.3% prevalence in children (American Psychiatric Association, 2002). These results were based on community studies and appear to be similar in cultures that exist all over the world (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). According to the Solomon Grant (2014), the World Health Organization classifies obsessive-compulsive disorder as the â€Å"leading global cause of nonfatal illness† (p.646). OCD is â€Å"characterized† by two symptoms called obsessions and compulsions (Treating obsessive-compulsive disorder, 2009, p.4). Obsessions create anxiety from â€Å"intrusive and unwanted thoughts† (Solomon Grant, 2014, p.646). The most common obsessions include â€Å"repeated thoughts about contamination, repeated doubts, a need to have things in a particular order, aggressive or horrificShow MoreRelatedObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)1756 Words   |  8 Pages Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a disorder that can affect children and adults. In order to fully understand OCD, many different areas of the disorder must be reviewed. First, OCD will be defined and the diagnosis criteria will be discussed. Secondly the prevalence of the disorder will be considered. The different symptoms, behaviors and means of treatment are also important aspects that will be discussed in order to develop a clearer understanding of the implications of obsessive compulsiveR ead MoreEssay on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)875 Words   |  4 Pagessevere Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder that triggers people to have unwanted fixations and to repeat certain activities again and again. Everyone has habits or certain ways of doing something with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder these habits severely interrupt the way they live their lives (Familydoctor.org Editorial Staff). About one in 40 people suffer from some form of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (ABRAMOWITZ). Obsessive Compulsive Disorder oftenRead MoreLiving With Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)1190 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferences between both symptoms and experiences of six different authors who have been personally affected by obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).   Since OCD is not very well understood by many members of the public (Escape), I hope that the experiences of the authors that I researched will be able to paint a vivid picture of what life with OCD is like. Obsessive-compulsive disorder involves a chemical imbalance in the brain. This chemical imbalance is thought to be the main reason for obsessionsRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay2901 Words   |  12 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, or OCD, affects an average 1.7% of the population according to the Stanford University School of Medicine.  Ã‚  The recognition of this psychological disorder has grown in the recent years.  Ã‚  As the knowledge of this disorder becomes more prevalent, those suffering have become more willing to seek help (OCDA).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  OCD is a condition â€Å"in which people experience repetitive and upsetting thoughts and/or behaviors† (OCDA).  Ã‚  While there are many variationRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay800 Words   |  4 Pages Obsessive Compulsive Disorder And Its Effect On Life Obsessive-compulsive disorder, or OCD, involves anxious thoughts or rituals one feels and cant control. . For many years, OCD was thought to be rare. The actual number of people with OCD was hidden, because people would hide their problem to avoid embarrassment. Some recent studies show that as many as 3 million Americans ages 18 to 54 may have OCD at any one time. This is about 2.3% of the people in this age group. It strikes men and women inRead More Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essays2616 Words   |  11 Pagesis a very powerful piece of structure; it is truly limitless when speaking about its potential. With a functional organ comes a dysfunctional possibility. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, (OCD), for instance, is nervousness in the mind. OCD is an anxiety disorder caused by repetitive intrusive thoughts and behaviors. It is a mental disorder marked by the involvement of a devotion to an idea or routine. Essentially, it is a false core belief which is believing that there is something wrong, causingRead MoreEssay on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)3370 Words   |  14 Pages Obsessive compulsive disorder is a disease that many people know of, but few people know about. Many people associate repeated washing of hands, or flicking of switches, and even cleanliness with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), however there are many more symptoms, and there are also explanations for those symptoms. In this paper, I will describe what obsessive compulsive disorder is, explain some of the effects of it, and explain why it happens. I will also attempt to prove that while medicationRead More Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay1758 Words   |  8 PagesOCD: Whats in Control? Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder that is the fourth most common mental illness in the U.S. (8). OCD affects five million Americans, or one in five people (3). This is a serious mental disorder that causes people to think and act certain things repetitively in order to calm the anxiety produced by a certain fear. Unlike compulsive drinking or gambling, OCD compulsions do not give the person pleasure; rather, the rituals are performed to obtainRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay examples1375 Words   |  6 PagesObsessive Compulsive Disorder â€Å"I know my hands are clean. I know that I have touched nothing dangerous. But†¦ I doubt my perception. Soon, if I do not wash, a mind numbing, searing anxiety will cripple me. A feeling of stickiness will begin to spread from the point of contamination and I will be lost in a place I do not want to go. So I wash until the feeling is gone, until the anxiety subsides. Then I feel defeated. So I do less and less, my world becomes smaller and smaller and more lonelyRead MoreEssay about Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)474 Words   |  2 Pages Obsessive Compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental illness that effects nearly 5 million Americans, and half a million children. Its a disease that fills the brain with unwanted ideas, and worries. OCD is a diseases that effects the Cerebral frontal cortex. Unfortunately there is no cure for OCD. Obsessive compulsive disorder can start developing as early as age five. In most cases OCD controls your life. Through out the rest of this paper I hope to inform you on Obsessive compulsive Disorders

International Project Management

Question: What strategic threats and opportunities existed in the context of the Concorde Airlines? Answer: Introduction Both the Air France and the British Airways decided to discontinue the services of Concorde in 2003. The Concorde fleets were reduced into aviation museums globally. The Sud Aviation in France and the BAC Aviation in Britain signed an agreement in 1959 that show the development of Concorde Airlines (Clarke Gibson, 1976, p. 56). The decision to close its operations were arrived at after several problems were experienced. Some of the issues that were experienced by pilots while flying the concords were; a) high level of noises; b) safety issues based on the crashing of Air France Concorde in 2000, high level of fuel consumption, and the advanced age of the fleets. The last fleet of Concorde landed at the Heathrow on 24th October 2003 bringing the supersonic aviation era to an end (Trubshaw Lowe, 2000, p. 117). This case study examines the challenges that hindered the success of Concorde commercial airlines despite the superior technicality that came with it. Lastly, the study examine s the factors that can be used in determining the success of an aircraft. Key Issues Examined in the Case There two main issues being examined in the case of Concorde. First, examining the issues that faced the operation of Concorde aircraft amid its technical superiority. And second, to establish the relationship that exists between feasibility study and the success of any project and if the former automatically guarantee the latter (Clarke Gibson, 1976, p. 101). The Concorde's Experience Customers who had fled the Concorde to be a thrilling and unique experience. One reason was that the Concorde would fly as a greater height compared to subsonic jets. The Concorde could take the customers to the heights where only the astronauts and military had reached before. Another aspect that Concorde came with was the speed. At high speed, the customers arrive at their destination twice as fast as the subsonic aircraft could. We can say that the aircraft had the best technical superiority that had not been witnessed before (Simons, 2012, p. 99). The Problems that Faced Concorde First, amid its popularity in the market, Concorde could not sustain the demands of the market. A major reason why the aircraft could not be sustained was the high prices charged for its tickets. The prices charged on the tickets narrowed the market segment that could be served by the aircraft; it was a product for the rich and not for the commoners. One had to spend between $5000 and $8000 to fly between New York and London using Concorde. However, the same amount would be used to pay for ten trips using subsonic aircraft between the two places (Simons, 2012, p. 105). Second, analysts considered Concorde to be a thirsty fuel aircraft. It was designed during a period (the 1960s) when the global decline of fuel supply had not become an issue. However, during the 1970s oil-producing countries in the Middle East faced a lot of production tension leading to a shortage in oil supply (Dutta, 2003, p. 92). Fuel restrictions and shortages hit the western countries real hard which made them realize the importance of considering fuel supply and consumption when designing an aircraft. The oil crisis witnessed during the period made it hard to maintain the aircraft forcing the developers to rethink. Faced with the oil crisis, Concorde's operations were severely affected. The number of the expected per trip reduced from sixteen to four and lastly two because the prices of the tickets were raised to maintain high operating expenses (Owen, 1997, p. 20). Third, the research on the development of Concorde aircraft was done in haste. The understanding of the compressibility technique and how it would affect the aircraft was still at an infancy level. This was a major blow to the sustainability of a project that had been deemed to be a national pride in Britain (Glancey, 2015, p. 67). Fourth, issues of safety and age concerns also impacted Concorde's sustainability in the aviation industry. In the 2000s, Concorde had become undeniably outdated. At its conception, the aircraft enjoyed monopoly within its market segment. However, with technological and economic pressure, new sustainable airlines were introduced in the market segment. They were computerized and economized beating Concorde which still had analogue features in its cockpit (Orlebar Marshall, 2004, p. 89). The Beginning of the End On 25th July 2000, the Air France Flight 4590 crashed shortly after taking off from Paris airport heading to New York. Tire bursting caused the crash during the take-off leading to the piercing of the engine under the left wing. The aircraft was set on fire leading to engine failure. With an insufficient thrust to fly the plane, it veered towards the left and crashed after losing attitude (Glassman, 2005, p. 71). The crash led to the death of 113 people, i.e. 100 passengers, nine members of the crew on board and four people on the ground. Even though Concorde was not the first aircraft to ever crash, its crash came with grave consequences based on its design flaws (Hirschey, 2009, p. 46). The operations of Concorde were stopped for one year until all the safety requirement had been met. During the period, the developers were required to conduct an extensive test on the design flaws that had been experienced (Orlebar, 2011, p. 54). Shortly after the airline had resumed its operations in 2001, the first flight was forced to land abruptly after the WTC attacks. The hopes of Concorde coming back into operations quashed after the Aerospatiale mantle refused to fund the manufacture and maintenance of the spare parts. In 2003 9 (April), made an official announcement that it would wind up the operations during the year (Kelly Meredith, 2005, p. 98). Some of the reasons that prompted the fallout of Concorde from the aviation industry were; Design flaws Rising cost of maintenance and manufacturing spare parts The low number of passengers which resulted from high prices of the tickets and the 2000 crash. The airline was not paying back the expenses that had been incurred in safety modification, maintenance, and other system upgrades. Critical Analysis The Concorde airlines were pride to both the BAC and the Sud. If all the project steps had been done extensively by carrying adequate feasibility study, the fallout would have been avoided. However, the two companies were in haste to launch the airline in the market. From the analysis, people were ready to pay the high prices of a ticket just to enjoy the services of Concorde for example, traveling at a faster speed than the subsonic aircraft. However, the number of the customers who could afford such services were few (Glassman, 2005, p. 91). The amount of revenue collected from the operations could not maintain the airline. If extensive research had been conducted, Concorde would have economic to expand the potential market. The same issue of poor planning is witnessed with the failure to address the fuel consumption during the design process. The developer had not anticipated that oil crisis in the future could have affected the Concorde operations (British Airways, 2003). Likewise, it would be important to recommend the efforts of the developers amid design flaws. Before the first crash, Concorde had had smooth operations apart from financial constraints. It should be recognized that design/ technological advancement alone could be used to anticipate the success of the product (Hirschey, 2009, p. 53). Financial/ accounting criteria were to be assessed as well to determine the profitability level of the project. Other studies such as budgetary control and planning, market research, financing requirements and cost assessment should be conducted even before the commencement of development phase. In the case of Concorde, the developer failed to carry out a feasibility study to determine the financial implications of the project even if it enjoyed the latest technology regarding design and engineering. Therefore, I conclude that there is a connection between feasibility study and the success of any project. According to project analysts, Concorde is a good example of an exclusive service faced with a limited potential/ target market. Concorde was technologically superior as compared to other airlines in the market during the time but, it was too much ahead of the time. They maintained that the targeted market was not ready for a product like Concorde. In short, Concorde failed not because of inferiority but because it failed to take the market needs into consideration before being launched in the market (Clarke Gibson, 1976, p. 84). Conclusion The fallout of Concorde marked a major blow to the aviation industry. The project failed because commercial supersonic services offered by the Concorde were way beyond the market needs. Only a small number of the targeted customers could afford the expensive service while most of the customers were willing to use and enjoy the speed (British Airways, 2003). The revenue collected from the operations could not meet the operational expenses, maintenance cost, and the cost of manufacturing spare parts. The Concorde required more time to be accepted in the market. I feel that the Concorde project could have succeeded if it was initiated at a small scale. For instance, with a sitting capacity of 10, the commercial supersonic traveling services could be offered to a fewer people willing to pay the cost (Hirschey, 2009, p. 113). I hope the developer would reconsider the project and re-launch it in future with a focus on a smaller scale than targeted before. References List British Airways, 2003. Celebrating Concorde, London: British Airways. Clarke, F. G. Gibson, A., 1976. The story of the world's most advanced passenger aircraft, s.l.: s.n. Dutta, A., 2003. Why was the Concorde retired in 2003 despite having a good operational history barring the 2000 crash?, s.l.: Quora. Glancey, J., 2015. Concorde: The Rise and Fall of the Supersonic Airliner. Main edition ed. New York: Not Available. Glassman, G., 2005. Supersonic Dream, s.l.: PBS broadcast. Hirschey, M., 2009. Managerial Economics. 12th edition ed. New York: Wiley. Kelly, N. Meredith, A., 2005. The Concorde Story: 34 Years of Supersonic Air Travel. 1st edition ed. Paris: Merchant Book Co. Orlebar, C., 2004. The Concorde Story: 21 Years in Service (Osprey Civil Aircraft). 6th edition ed. London: Osprey Publishing. Orlebar, C., 2011. The Concorde Story. Seventh Edition ed. London, UK: Osprey Publishing. Orlebar, C. Marshall , L., 2004. The Concorde Story: Includes an Account of Concorde's Final Flight: 21 Years in Service. 6th Edition ed. London: Osprey Publishing Ltd. Owen, K., 1997. Concorde and the Americans: International Politics of the Supersonic Transport (Smithsonian History of Aviation and Spaceflight Series). First Edition edition ed. New Jersey: Smithsonian. Simons, G. M., 2012. Concorde Conspiracy: The Battle for American Skies 1962-77. 1 edition ed. New York: The History Press. Trubshaw, B. Lowe, C. J., 2000. Concorde: The Inside Story. London: The History Press.

Business Ethics and Sustainability Employee

Question: Discuss about the Business Ethics and Sustainability Employee. Answer: Introduction: In the present contemporary professional world it is estimated that an employee spend more than 75% of their time in building interpersonal relations in workplaces, so it can be understood why most of the organizational problems have the root in poor communication skills. The need for employees with effective communication skills is growing in business world simply because it is necessary for building rapport both at the interpersonal and organizational levels. An individual success in professional world truly based on ones ability to communicate well. Communication is an important process as it allows us to share our interest and take important decisions in our personal as well as in professional career. The purpose of this essay is to engage in reflective practice, using 5 diagnostic communication tools and their feedback, so that I can identify two key areas of personal capability which can be improved to increase my communication effectiveness. Lastly, I have sketched a six month action with timeline and success measure included. Diagnosis and Reflection: Every individual has different communication style and most of the time the person is unaware about the strength and weakness in his communication style. According to famous business expert and author Mark Murphy, there are four basic communication style and they are Analytical, Intuitive, Functional and Personal. The tools that I have used in this study to access my communication style are Johari Window, Communications StyleQuestionnaire, Assertiveness Questionnaires, Interpersonal Communication Skill Test and Listening Skills Test. The basic purpose of Johari window tool is for self-awareness and personal development for improve understanding between individuals (Saxena, 2015). In Johari Window, it was found according to the test that it is evident that I am aware that I have a bold and energetic personality and adaptive in situations. Also, I am logical and spontaneous. But I also get self conscious at times. Whereas according to my friends, I am a friendly and approachable person who they can trust and can depend upon but get nervous and tensed when I am in pressure. This tool has helped me to recognize what my view about self and what is the social image I have in friends and acquaintances (Lowy Hood 2011). Undergoing the test has resulted in better understanding in self awareness. The Communication Style Self Assessment test was conducted to strengthen my communication skills and develop my ability to connect with different people with different communication style. According to the test result, I have a balanced score in Communication Style Self Assessment. That means I have no problem in expressing myself most of the time but according to situational needs I tend to obviously and honestly convey my needs, requirements and opinions in a way which is thoughtful of others. The Assertive Test results shows that I am a typical self-assured individual, who reasonably let other individual, know my disagreement with them, especially when I feel I am being poorly treated. This trait shows that I have self respect and want others to treat me in that way. As we live in an environment where most of the times people have different communication style and poor communication leads to misunderstanding and chaos. So, the communication diagnostic tools assisted in swift understanding these differences and grow simple strategies to become an effective and efficient communicator. These self assessments will facilitate to understand what really is going on when we experience miscommunication at personal as well as professional life. In this test, I found that I have a clear voice when putting an opinion and people mostly get what I try to convey. I have also empathy towards others which helps others in trusting me. But according to this test I have to improve my listening skills. This will help me to become more efficient in my communication skills. By this way when I am outlining the impact of their behaviour on others, I am giving them the probability to reflect on their actions and judge on what needs to be improved. This process also facili tates to avoid making assumptions which can create confusion and chaos and harm interpersonal relations in workplace (Griffin, 2013). Last by not the list, I took the Listening skills test. According to the result of this test, I found that I do moderately in the listening part. It is a well known fact that in effective communication listening is a significant part as it reduces miscommunication, better interaction between the speaker and the receiver, better interpretation of the message and greater productivity with lesser mistakes (Boud, 2013). This test identified that I have patience but sometimes when the situation becomes tense, I tend to lose control and become impatient which is a huge drawback in effective communication. An active listener is always able to communicate well with others. According to the above communication diagnostic tools analysis, it is evident that I am a Assertive Communicator. An assertive communicator has generally high self esteem and values their time and self (Bishop, 2013). They also strongly promoter for their rights and requirements without disrespectful towards others or others rights. I work as a mechanical engineer in a two wheeler automobile organization. Lately in the past one year, I had two professional interactions and drawing reference from there I have identified some of the shortcomings in my communication style. Recently, I had an interaction with my superior regarding work progress and promotion. Also, I had an appointment with the distributors regarding market trends, client feedbacks and what aspects we need to improve in our two wheeler automobile so that we can meet customer expectations. Though most of my attributes in communication style indicates towards being an Assertive Communicator, I have identified that I need t o improve and develop my listening skills as well as I should also improve my skills to accept difference in point of view and perceptions. Although I am a good communicator with persuading skills, I need to improve my persuasive skills because it is one of the basic qualities that successful all leaders and business person have in common (Nahavandi, 2016). Literature Review: The word communication can be simply explained as the exchange of beliefs and ideas with the objective to convey information with one another. It is a two way process with the basic objective to exchange and convey an individuals ideas, beliefs, feelings, opinions and necessities with transparency to arrive at a harmony or a mutually acceptable result. In the present professional environment, effective communication skills are assets of an individual (Ting-Toomey, 2012). It is basically an ability which is mainly become skilled with experience, but when an individual learns to apply, an effective communication can build long term relationships in professional carrier regardless of defensive adversities. Being an effective communicator will support me to become resourceful while taking initiatives and making important decisions in professional career (Griffin, 2013). Also it will facilitate an individual to participate in team work and engage in effective workplace communication. There are various conceptual communication models which mainly explain the human communication process. One of the basic communication models is Continuous Loop Model, which was developed by assuming that communication is a system or machine (Neuliep, 2014). In this process or system, communication acts as the gear so that the system runs properly. Keeping in mind the Continuous loop model, it is necessary that the two ways process of communication has a swift flow of information so that the basic initiative of information sharing becomes fulfilled (Spitzberg, Cupach, 2012). This process is theoretically correct but in practical when the sender stops sending signals, the process ends. Taking reference from the Continuous model, increasing my listening skill will not only improve my communication skills but also will assists in continuous flow of information in the conve rsation. An active listener has the ability to understand situation and information better and thus capable of giving more accurate feedback or suggestions Booth, 2009). To explain the concept better we will take assistance of the situation- behaviour- impact feedback tool. For instance in my meeting with distributors, we had a discussion on customers demand, market trends and how we can improve the braking system in the two wheeler to meet the customer expectation. I had to give feedback about the meeting to my senior and co-workers. If I had said that customer has a liking for our new two wheeler models showing positive results in sales figure but the brake system needs to be improved. This will only convey the half information about the meeting and details about the improvement needed in the braking system does not convey in the conversation. This clearly creates confusion from the conversation. The conversation does not clearly states whats need to be improved and what needs sustenance. T he model was developed by The Centre of Creative Leadership which helped me to deliver more effective feedback. It focuses on the comments on detailed circumstances and behaviours, and then summarizes the impact that these behaviours have on others. The model details the feedback structure like situation, behaviour and impact. When I followed my feedback according to this pattern my senior and co-workers tend to understand what I was trying to convey them. Active listening also improves the ability to learn new things and accept different perspective for better decision making (Bodie, 2012). In the contemporary business organizations have diverse workforce and we will meet diverse co-workers with diverse perspectives. Becoming a good listener or active listening skills will facilitate in learning new things and also people will tend to trust and naturally drawn towards me (West Turner, 2010). Also, becoming active listener I will tend to become more sensitive towards complex layers of cultural differences in workplace. As a result, I will keep in touch with the progression of cultural change at global level. Although my communication diagnostic test results shows that I am a good persuader but I believe in contemporary professional world, every individual needs to improve their perusing skills as it is needed in every sphere of professional world. Persuasion is the skill that influences others to agree on a common idea or goal (Shockley-Zalabak, 2011). Without persuasion skill, I will not be able to get the resources I want or I will not be able to communicate my unique ideas and abilities with others. Persuasive skill is also an important ability in negotiations which is very important for job aspirants and also for professionals (Armstrong, 2011).On the other hand with the right approach and persuading skill an individual can achieve amazing results and climb corporate as well as social ladder. The contemporary organizations comprises of diverse workforce from diverse cultural and socio-economic background (Spencer-Oatey, Franklin, 2009). So, it is natural that they will come with div erse perspectives and viewpoints. Thus, managing those diverse workforces to bring expected outcome from them is one of the major challenges of resent business leaders. As a result, organizations look for potential candidates with effective communication skills, persuasive power and good negotiator (Hargie, 2010). The basic task is to persuade the diverse workforce to work towards a common goal or idea for organisational success. Conclusion: In the above essay we have discussed about my communication style and the basic skills that I need to develop to improve my communication skill with reference of the Action plan rubric for effective communication in the appendix. Effective communication skill is one of the basic sets of abilities which are required to succeed in personal as well as professional life. It is a well known fact that many jobs in cotemporary market needs candidates with strong communication skills and candidates with good communication skills are preferred. Effective communication skills can be achieved with experience and regular practicing to improve techniques. Choosing right approach, books, websites and training will facilitate in learning of complicated concepts of effective communication. That is why I have sketched a six month action plan that I that I have followed to improve my communication skills. According to five different communication diagnostic tools test result I possess a assertive comm unication style, the only skills I lack are active listening and maintaining patience in communication process. I have focused on parts like listening, eye contact, smile, humility, gestures, and voice modulation. I have taken part in various debates and public speaking programs in college and university level to improve my public speaking. For resources, I have used different online video sources from YouTube and read online articles on communication skills. I have also visited library to gather information about verbal communication skills from different scholarly articles. To become an active listener I have developed the strong signs of attentiveness and also learned the art of questing and remembering. I created a plan to improve my influencing skills by developing varies of skills like emotional intelligence and persuasion power. I also tracked my potential benefits by keeping notes on daily basis about occasions where different aspects of my development plan become successful or not. Keeping tack on the areas I needed improvement become very useful because it pin pointed the problem areas. I had also tried to persuade different co-workers at professional levels to work on a project. The basic intend was to increase understanding by taking into account how my messages might be received by my co-workers. Working in a multi cultural business organization, I have experienced how miscommunication can build organizational conflict. So, improving my communication skill will also facilitate in building conflict resolution skills. Active listening and good communicator are two important aspects that a manager should possess to have effective conflict resolution skill. Also, having empathy towards others and accepting different perspective will facilitate in my professional growth. At the end of this assignment I learned the importance of effective communication skills in becoming successful and maintain a positive attitude with a smile. Reference: Armstrong, M. (2011).How to be an Even Better Manager: a complete AZ of proven techniques and essential skills. Kogan Page Publishers. Bishop, S. (2013).Develop your assertiveness(Vol. 10). Kogan Page Publishers. Bodie, G. D. (2012). Listening as positive communication.The positive side of interpersonal communication, 109-125. Booth, W. C. (2009).The rhetoric of rhetoric: The quest for effective communication. John Wiley Sons. Boud, D. (2013).Enhancing learning through self-assessment. Routledge. Griffin, R. W. (2013).Fundamentals of management. Cengage Learning. Hargie, O. (2010).Skilled interpersonal communication: Research, theory and practice. Routledge. Lowy, A., Hood, P. (2011).The power of the 2 x 2 matrix: Using 2 x 2 thinking to solve business problems and make better decisions. John Wiley Sons. Nahavandi, A. (2016).The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. Pearson. Neuliep, J. W. (2014).Intercultural communication: A contextual approach. Sage Publications. Saxena, P. (2015). JOHARI WINDOW: An Effective Model for Improving Interpersonal Communication and Managerial Effectiveness.SIT Journal of Management,5(2), 134-146. Shockley-Zalabak, P. (2011).Fundamentals of organizational communication. Allyn Bacon. Spencer-Oatey, H., Franklin, P. (2009).Intercultural interaction: A multidisciplinary approach to intercultural communication. Springer. Spitzberg, B., Cupach, W. (2012).Handbook of interpersonal competence research. Springer Science Business Media. Ting-Toomey, S. (2012).Communicating across cultures. Guilford Press. West, R., Turner, L. H. (2010).Understanding interpersonal communication: Making choices in changing times. Cengage Learning.