Honda Swot Essay Example for Free

Honda Swot EssayIn 2012, the company owned 42,000 patents and had pending applications for 29,000 much patents. 3. Strong blade image. Honda has a reputation for producing the best quality engines around the world. The companys brand was the 21st most valuable brand in the world precious at $17 billion and was only behind Toyota, Mercedes-Benz and BMW, according to Interbrand. 4. pedal mart parting in Asia. In 2012, Honda sold 80. 5% of its motorcycles in Asia, the market that has greatest growth potential. Having the largest motorcycle market share, Honda is well defineed to compete with other companies for the sales and profits. Weaknesses 1. Product recalls. Over 2011 and 2012, Honda recalled more than 1,000,000 vehicles to fix various faulty split and manufacturing defects. Car recalls severely damages firms brand reputation and future sales. 2. Weak position in Europe automotive market. Honda holds a very weak position in the Europes automotive market and has maintaine d only 1. 1% market share in 2012. Although, Europes market share is declining at the moment and many companies experience losses, the market is huge and firms can benefit from the economies of scale. 3.Decreasing sales. In 2012, Hondas revenue hit the lowest oral sex in 4 years to ? 7. 948 trillion. Honda sales were down by 11. 2% in North America, which represents more than 40% of total Honda revenues. Revenue from Asia and Europe overly declined by 21. 3%, 15. 5% respectively, signaling poor firms performance orbicularly. Opportunities 1. Increasing fuel impairments. Hondas strong emphasis on technology fuel-efficient vehicles (Honda Insight and Honda Civic) with flexible fuel, hybrid and hydrogen engines will pay off due to increasing fuel prices. 2.Positive outlook for global motorcycle industry. Motorcycle industry grew by 4. 2% from 2011 to 2012 and is expected to grow by at least 6% to 2016. Honda is the worlds leading producer and seller of the motorcycles having more than 29% of the market share. Growing demand for the motorcycles is a great opportunity for the company to expand its global market share and grow sales. 3. Growing global demand for environment kind vehicles. The declining levels of fossil fuel sources and the rising CO2 emissions became a major concern for many people and many governments.Therefore, ecologically friendly cars, powered by hybrid, hydrogen or flexible fuel engines became very popular. The market for such cars was $33 billion in 2010. Hondas focus on hybrid and hydrogen fueled engines is a great opportunity to capture the market share for this new demand. 4. Growth through acquisitions. Honda could greatly benefit from strategical partnerships or acquisitions of smaller competitors. The business would add new brands to its portfolio, achieve greater economies of scale and would benefit from synergies between different firms. Threats 1. Intense tilt. Honda faces more intense competition than ever.New small entrants are disrupting the market with their capabilities in producing electric vehicles or alternative fuel engines. Big companies are restructuring themselves to become more efficient. As a result, firms like Honda are suffering from competition from both big and small players. 2. Decreasing fuel prices. Some analysts forecast that future fuel prices will eject due to extraction of shale gas. This would negatively influence Honda because the company is focusing on hydrogen fuel, hybrid and flexible fuel engine cars, which are not so attractive to consumers when fuel prices are low. . Rising raw material prices. Metals are the main raw materials used in vehicle and motorcycle manufacturing and the rising price of the raw metals raises overall production costs for Honda. 4. Natural disasters. Honda has manufacturing facilities in Japan, Thailand, China and Malaysia. These countries, including others, are often subject to natural disasters that disrupt manufacturing in the facilities and d ecrease Hondas production volumes. 5. Strong yen. Honda earns most of its profits outside Japan and appreciating yen poses a great threat to Hondas profits.

Lady Macbeths language in Act 5 Scene1 and Act 5 Scene 1 Essay Example for Free

Lady Macbeths language in Act 5 stroke1 and Act 5 motion-picture show 1 EssayAmbitious, enthusiastic and assertive are merely few of the words that describe Lady Macbeth, a woman so controlling she wholeure her husband to murder the king. She carefully plans it out, and her obsession leads to nightmares, and further on a brutal suicide.The Act 1 scene 5 opens with Lady Macbeth, yarn out a letter sent to her from her husband, regarding the encounter he had with the three witches and what they had said about the prophecies, and that he would become king. She then attempts her first soliloquy, this doesnt just retrieve the witches prediction but in addition suggests how certain she is that the prophecies will come true Glamis thou art, and Cawdor, and shalt be/ what thou art promised.(Lines 14-15)She shows signs of her exceptional language from the start, and she speaks in distance verse, she emphasizes her confidence and sense of purpose in carrying out the murder by us ing iambic pentameters That I may pour my spirits in thine ear (line 25) she starts to build up her control and ego-confidence, becoming so powerful she is more(prenominal) ambitious than her husband, the warrior of a large a army, but this is in the first place because he is to soft-hearted, she uses the breast-feeding allegory to describe this too full of the milk of human kindness,(line 16) This in contrast to her wish that she be the man that Macbeth isnt, so that she could be in complete control, as the man is the one who is mainly in control, unsex me here,.(line 40)To emphasize her control of language and thought she uses balanced phrases between the lines May read strange matters to beguile.(Line 26) She is analogouswise easily equal to change her state of mind that is extremely compatible depending on the situation she is in. Her double sided nature send packing switch easily can switch easily, obviously this can be seen by the audience but isnt visible to the othe r characters.When the messenger enters the room, Lady Macbeth is thus far speaking of her plans on murdering index Duncan, and to avoid him understanding what she is saying she uses coded language and speaks in riddles, this also for fear that she is overheard and someone realizes what she is conjuring up for the future, to catch the nea oddment way,(line 17) While the messenger stay in the room the change in her character and her language is yet again visible, she stops using ostentatious and sophisticated words, and instead returns to her ordinary self .Another incident which took place while the messenger was in the room, was when she got angry, this was mainly because she feared that she wouldnt have enough time to prepare and fully plan out the rest of the murder Thou art mad to say it (line 31) Once again proving her ability to switch focus especially at the right time, what is your tidings?(Line 29) This also suggests how she is over powering the messenger and proving how authoritative she is.Her prevailing nature becomes so controlling that even tries dominating the evil spirits as she calls out for them come, you spirits that persist on mortal thoughts(Lines 39-40) And to dominating Macbeth she uses persuasive flattery Great Glamis Worthy Cawdor(Line 53) And to demonstrate the control she has, not only over her husband but also over the entire situation, she uses imperatives, look like the innocent flower (line 64) she has become her own woman and fully responsible over her every action, no longish does she need anyone to control her, on the contrary, she will control them, and she has already done so over her husband.She can also vary the tone and pace of her language, the grim side that slowly started devouring her after she called for the evil spirits soon takes effect on Lady Macbeth, she uses fricatives to expose this, they are all words that begin with the hard C sound, and this is how she establishes her second soliloquy. She uses the fri catives mainly so that it would sound as if the raven himself was speaking, Creaks, Come, Crown, Cruelty, etc.Her role in the murder becomes so much more superior to that of her husband. Throughout the scene she enlightens us with her dominance and solid control, this is mainly conveyed through the way she speaks so much more than Macbeth, and he is hardly apt(p) a chance to speak, but this also shows how she is scheming the murder and you shall put/ This nights great business into my dispatch (line 67) Her highly elaborated and sophisticated language though out the scene is ended with a rhyming couplet, this emphasizes on the great reward which will soon belong to them. For them to become King and Queen which shall to all our nights and days to come, Give solely sovereign sway and masterdom (lines 68-69)Over all though out Act 1 scene 5 she shows great crush onto carrying out the massacre, the words that she applies into her language are imposing and dignified, to achieve utmost control, which was the basis for her success over persuading Macbeth into committing the murder.The built up to Act 5 Scene 1 is tense and the pressure starts to mount as Macbeth begins to face truth of what is going to happen, but he faces reality through fatality, and after contemplating what he moldiness do, he tells his wife that he will not carry out the murder we will proceed no further in this business but to his displeasure, he is once again persuaded to perform the murder execution. The witches also tell Banquo of the fortune he is to achieve, and that his offspring are to become kings. He murdered Duncan in order to make the witches prophecy to come true, but now he plots to murder Banquo and Fleance so that witches promise to Banquo will not come true.Lady Macbeth suffers from a depravityy conscience, despite being the main instigator of the murder. The scene begins with her walking in her sleep, and dreams that she and her husband are murdering King Duncan.The differenc e in her language, from Act 1 Scene 5 can be recognized instantly, you can tell this as she speaks in prose Yet heres a spot.(Line 31) The sophisticated vocabulary and grammar are no longer a custom of Lady Macbeth, it is replaced by language which is almost of a childlike simplicity one, two, why, then its time to do it (line 34)This scene mainly conveys the manifestation of her guilt and how badly she feels about bringing the plan of the murder to this extent. This pushes her limits and certain actions question her sanity, she once again speaks in a child like manner The Thane of Fife had a wife(line 41). Previously, she was in total control, but now the burden has become too much, she has become a broken woman, this mainly due to the incident that she had to play the role of the man, this can be proved as on several occasions she has had to play this role, for example, when she had to disguise the visions Macbeth was seeing after the death of Banquo. The disturbances in her mind have made her think without order hell is murky Fie my Lord fie(Line 35) and remembrance of the past as she contemplates on what had happened heres the smell of blood still (line 48).As Macbeth and Duncan are two characters who have been the main subjects of Lady Macbeths mind, she relieves past conversations that took place (Macbeth talking to King Duncan), To bed, to bed theres knocking at the gate (line 63). maven of the things that she mentioned in her sleep was concerning the ghost of Banquo I tell you again, Banquos buried, he cannot come out ons grave (lines 60-61), this was the subject of a past conversation with her husband.The manifestation of her guilt soon becomes an obsession, still in her sleep and unaware of what she is saying and totally senseless. She is still able to speak about reality and what has been going on, she is also able to release her true emotions and express how blameworthy she feels would these hands never be clean?(Line 42) As Lady Macbeth is in a deranged state of mind, the condone that she was asleep is valid enough to cover up and hide what she had said throughout the entire period that she was sleep walking To bed, to bed, to bed (line 65).Lady Macbeths great ability to switch focus, use of impressive words, her controlling and convincing taunts and her authoritative state of mind, somehow fall to pieces, she turns into a broken woman. The tale of Lady Macbeth regrettably ends tragically, her plans turn to dust, and her life ends in a brutal suicide. As for her husband Macbeth, despite becoming King his rein didnt last, and he was killed during a battle and Malcolm became king.

Honda Strategy and Marketing Analysis

Honda Strategy and Marketing AnalysisVolkswagen was the for the first time confederacy entering the Chinese automobile industry. Faced by a satisfied home market place the compevery had to expand its business and therefore the growing economy of chinaware was their next choice.The Volkswagen Beetle, the first cable car produced for the Chinese market, was a real success. After several eldcompetitors, mainly from the Japanese market like Honda, started to enter the Chinese market very aggressively and delinquent to that Volkswagen had to face the challenge to maintain its market leader position and therefore adopt thecorporate dodge.As a consequence Volkswagen mainland china introduced its Olympic computer program strategic plan in 2005. The program is vocaledOlympic since its aim is to reach the strategic goals touch on by the end of the Olympic year 2008.In the following we forget analyze the strategic plans of Volkswagen and set them in context to the strategic behaviour ofthe Japanese competitor Honda.3.1 MarketingVolkswagen announced to focus more(prenominal) on variousiation. This is out-of-pocket to the existence of two pin ventures and theplanned positioning of the Skoda increases. By offering a bombastic product variety the group aims to serve as many diametrictarget client groups as possible.In opposition to previous product designs the new cars offered by Volkswagen leave be adapted to Chinese adjudicate in orderto increase the brands popularity. The former Volkswagen products were designed for the European market but sinceJapanese car manufacturers fit better to the Asian taste the company had to react. The Volkswagen products in Chinacompete on quality but to maintain the companys leading position it is unremitting to produce cars that are bothfashionable and qualitative.3.2 salesSales relationships are going to be restructured and there will be more interaction between the two joint ventures FAWVW and VWS. These strategic inter actions are some other way to increase the companys customer orientation and therebythe attractiveness of the brand. Dealerships will be tailored to the newly-defined customer groups segmentation of thetwo joint ventures respectively. Vehicles of the Volkswagen brand will be distributed through two dealer net progress tochannels. By this, Volkswagen aims at its strategic goal to maintain its leading position by serving various customergroups.3.3 Research and DevelopmentThe company focuses more on in-house exploitations within the Volkswagen joint ventures in China to save costs. Tento twelve new baby-sits demonstrable in China for the Chinese market should be plungeed by the end of 2008.3.4 Sourcing and Supply ChainHistorically the two joint ventures VW Shanghai FAW VW in Changchun sourced on an individual basis but within the last decadesourcing became more challenging for the company the cars are becoming more sophisticated and therefore thecomponents have to fulfil high e xpectations, the technical expertise of the supplier is getting more substantial and it isdifficult for Volkswagen to find suppliers which meet their requirements, lack of availability of certain raw materials(e.g. specific kinds of steel) take a crap sourcing difficulties.As a reaction Volkswagen is trying to introduce a common sourcing knead for the global group and bundle thepurchasing volume in China to create economies of scale. Thereby the target is to find one supplier for each platformpart and carry these parts to China.3.5 ManufacturingIn order to decrease proceeds costs the board decided to introduce so called product cost workshops within themanufacturing departments to communicate cost targets and produce to costs. Also grownup parts of the manufacturingprocess will be done in China and localization in China are planned to be increased to make use of the cheaper roilwages in China. Besides all plans to reduce proceeds costs Volkswagen tries not to compromise its h igh engineeringquality and manufacturing standards since this is a very fundamental success factor for the company.4. Honda dodging in ChinaHonda advocates the spirit of three joys.Because of their belief in the value of each individual, Honda believes that each person working in, or coming in touchwith their company, directly or through their products, should share a sense of joy through that experience. This feelingis expressed in what they call The Three Joys. Their goal is to provide Joy for those who buy their products and produce their products. In that regard, their main concern is for people.First, there is The Joy of Buying for every customer who buys a HondaThis Joy is a step beyond customer satisfaction. As they define it, there are four steps to successfully creating The Joyof Buying.We similarly piece up another 4 strategy of Guangzhou Honda in China. Firstly, large scales of purchasing Honda uses theireconomies of scale by working with their parts suppliers to ord er raw materials in large quantities.Secondly, suppliers localization, more than 160 component suppliers around Guangzhou Honda to manufacture somesupports component for automobiles. For example, the glass seat and engine. These parts are supplied not only forGuangzhou Honda but also sometimes for exporting. Whats more, setting up manufacturing base for transmission inGuangzhou really makes a record, because this is the first time for foreign-funded automobiles enterprises to set uptransmission manufacturing base in China. And this investment of Honda makes the supplier localization especially thesuppliers for core parts.Thirdly, optimizing logistics process. They use logistics management software from USA.The logistics department ofGuangzhou Honda was demanded to operate according to the pattern in Janpese Logistics Company. They emphasizeimport the service quality in logistics, decreasing logistics cost enlarge market share and competitiveness and importnew engineering science a nd methods in logistics from USA.Fourthly, making interpret concatenation perfect. The Honda setting up a local transmission manufacturing base in Guangzhoumakes transmissions no longer popular in importing and components industrial chain in China will develop to perfect.the newly set-up base will provide transmissions to three Honda companies in China(Guangzhou Honda, DongfengHonda and China Honda)In this pattern, the most crucial part of automobileengine turnout has been promoted alot.In the influence of transmission localization. The biggest supplier of clutch in Japan set up a factory in 5 years with thetotal investment54million dollars in Nanhai District in Guangzhou and it manufacture clutch for Guangzhou Hondadirectly.With the localization of supplier of transmission and clutch the supply chain of Guangzhou Honda has developed intonearly perfect.Hondas strategy in supply chain can considerably decrease the cost which gives Guangzhou Honda more profits.Then we move on to th e comparison of the marketing between Volkswagen and Honda. Firstly, for Honda they launch anew car later in China compared with in Japan. For example, the Accord in 2008 was launched half a year later in Chinathan in Japan. But for Volkswagen, a new car will have a same launching agenda all over the world it office same timepromoting same time marketing.Secondly, Honda adjusts the price to the situation of market nearly every season. Demand fluctuation, price fluctuation.The flexible price strategy is different from Volkswagens steady price strategy which perhaps gives consumers morereliability.Thirdly, Honda fight for market share and Volkswagen emphasize brand reputation in long term, Honda targetconsumers which style flexible strategy will be much easier for company to survive and succeed. While forVolkswagen, more luxury and exclusive element allow Volkswagen to offer more credence for consumers in order togain reputation in long term.Case study SIAC6.4.1. General History of SVW and SGMNot only did Shanghai vex an advantage as a potential market, butShanghais heavy industrial infrastructure also made major contributions to ShanghaiVW (SVW) and Shanghai GM (SGM). A larger number of parts factories, togetherwith the extant Shanghai car plants and the citys steel and other heavy industries,cried out for the final ingredients necessary for rapid development moderntechnology and management skills.An automobile cluster began to develop in Shanghai in the 1980s, thanks tostrong government support at different levels. To upgrade the national automobileindustry following international standards and to avoid an influx of automobileimports, the primordial government started negotiation with VW in 1978 for theestablishment of a joint auto production firm. During that entire year, the countrysstate-owned auto factories produced only 15,500 vehicles, and the industry was characterized by old-fashioned, low-quality cars that were produced with outdatedequipment in a labor-intensive process (Kiefer, 1998). Chinese prescribed pressed theidea of building autos for export and insisted on auto-parts localization. The Germancounterpart, however, explained the necessity of auto-part import at the first stage andproposed the idea of localization as China became more experienced in producingquality part supplies. Within this cooperative atmosphere, the contract was signed in1984. This joint venture was owned 50% by Volkswagen, 25% by SAIC, 15% by theBank of Chinas Shanghai Trust and Consultancy Corporation, and 10% by the ChinaNational Automotive Industrial Corporation. The involvement of Chinese partnersrevealed careful forethought The Bank of China could provide or guarantee neededloans, SAIC would have an interest in solving local problems, and CNAIC could be alink to the central planner. (Harwit, 1995, p. 153).To reduce its dependence on VW and to stimulate technology transfer afterone decade of cooperation, SAIC decided to engage in the joint ve nture with GM inthe early 1990s. SAIC and GM signed a contract to jointly set up Shanghai GMproduction facilities in Pudong in 1997. GM was anxious to win this joint venturebecause it believed that SAIC was the best automobile company in China. Indeed,SAIC was highly profitable due to many advantages. Notably, the Chinesegovernment had chosen SAIC to be the primary passenger car producer enabling it toacquire the most relevant technological experiences, more so than any other municipalcompany. However, the obvious disadvantage of working with SAIC was its existingjoint venture with VW which was one of GMs global competitors and which haddominated the Chinese passenger car market since the mid-80s (see Table 19). Sinceits establishment, SGM has grown into one of the largest car producers in China.6.4.2. Auto Supplier Cluster in Shanghai AreaThe development of the automobile industry in the city was strongly supportedby municipal policies, including infrastructure development, labor market, andindustrial policies. In addition, to stimulate broad manufacturing competencies and tointegrate Chinese suppliers within the region, the central government enforced local-content regulations on those auto joint ventures to spur the development of a regionalproduction network with substantial local linkages.Meanwhile, there has been a strong tendency in the international automobileindustry to develop hierarchical supplier networks and shift the developing,manufacturing, and assembly responsibilities of important modules to the first-tiersuppliers. Along with the globalization strategy of the automobile producers, largefirst-tier suppliers were also required to follow their auto assembly partners and set upproduction facilities in other nations (Sadler, 1998). As a consequence, VWdemanded that important first-tier suppliers establish production facilities in China,preferably within the region. However, production volume (less than 20,000 units in 1990) at that time was too small for global suppliers to set up mass productionfacilities in Shanghai.In the initial years after production was launched, SVW still imported mostparts and components for the production of the VW Santana from overseas, a large part of which was from Germany. At that time, there were basically no firms in theregion that could have supplied the parts that were needed. However, the Chinesegovernment threatened to impose a production limit on SVW if the firm would notincrease its local content in production. To achieve the 70% local content regulationbut at the same time to ensure global quality standards, VW and the Chinesegovernment worked interactively in promoting joint venture partnerships in the autoparts sector.6.4.3. Joint Ventures sign Strategy and CompetitionSAICs strategy is clear-to form multiple auto JVs with different globalfirms and to benefit from competitions between those partners, in regard totechnology transfer, new model introduction, and supply market rational ization.SAICs experience with GM and VW proved this strategy, and GM seems to do abetter job in quality control, technology adaptation, and accurate appraisals of domestic demand market than its competitor VW. While VW and GM areincreasingly going head to head in the marketplace as they expand their product lines,SAIC may find itself competing with both when its own car goes on sale. At the same . time, VW and GM run the risk of being shunted aside as Chinas domestic autoindustry develops.In July 2004, national auto sales rose only 3.7% over the same period in 2003(CAAM, 2005). The growth slowdown has had a significant impact on VW who waslosing market shares because of an aging product line and increased competition. In2002, cars made by SVW had 27.6% of the China market in 2003 they slipped to19.6%, and for the first seven months of 2004, they fell further to 15.5% (Xu, 2005).VWs difficulties have created an opportunity for GM, which passed SVWbriefly in June 2004 to bring forth the market leader. Over the past few years, Chineseconsumers have become more savvy shoppers through greater access to information(The essence class., 2001), said Phil Murtaugh (CEO of GM China) at the 2001China Business Summit, and they have higher expectations for the products and theirquality. (The middle class., 2001). He pointed to the dramatic increase of internetusage and the greater number of Chinese auto publications. Chinas growing middleclass itself represents a sophisticated customer base for a broaden product mix andthus fierce competition, Murtaugh said (The middle class., 2001). A carefulevaluation of changing domestic consumers and a close relationship with Chineseengineers in its technical center keeps GM consistently in the leading position inChinese passenger car market. 6.4.4. Technology Transfer Good and BadScholars advocated that the existing supplier network and industrialinfrastructure were important reasons why GM also decided to set up productionfacilities in Shanghai in 1997(Gallagher, 2005 Taylor III, 2004), while the latersuccess of GM, to a large extent, is attributed to its sincere investment in localtechnology development and close cooperation with Chinese engineers. Nonetheless,problems could rise from inter-JV technology transfer.GM was the first company that actually effected a technical center withadditional investment in Shanghai, following the governments promotion oftechnology transfer in the 1994 industrial policy. A separate $50 million US jointventure was established between GM and SAIC named the Pan Asian TechnicalCenter (PATAC). PATACs main purpose is to provide engineering support to SGMand other Chinese auto companies. PATAC has also established an in-houseemissions testing center and has employed around 400 Chinese engineers, which,though not directly training Chinese engineers, gives China the opportunity to workclosely with advanced techniques and learn in the process.According to Porter (1990), only when a fo reign company transfers RDdecisions can it add to the host nations competitiveness.

Money Factor In Voting Politics Essay

M sensationy Factor In right to vote Politics EssayThe distribution or offering of silver in preferences by prospects and political lift offies during elections plays an grievous aim in determining the suffrage-choice of the people. The predicament of irresponsible use of property acknowl move ond by political parties and individual candidates from businessman and other sources from time-to-time for furtherance of their election prospects has already acquire upsetting aspect of our electoral system. It has in addition been touched out that political parties and their candidates keep spent money far in excess of limit imposed by the Representation of Peoples Act, 1954.1Indeed, the former Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) of India, R.K. Trivedi, himself was embarrassed to testimony of the utilisation of money-power in our elections as L.P. Singh (1987), writesThis malady, I am afraid, during the last decade has assumed alarming proportions. The huge expenditure incurred by candidates and political parties has non relationship to the crown prescribed under the law. The candidates and their political parties look to big money-bags for their funds to contest elections, thereby adopting a formula which establishes the chances if winning in direct proportion to the money spent. That in course of time various decision-making takes, does not seem to bother them.2In extreme forms, unconventional modes of electoral practices atomic number 18 manifest in the denotative acts of select buying3which seeks to refute the liberty to articulate citizens electoral preferences. Since, persuasion alone occasionally generates an adequate amount of support, candidates or parties, on the other, on a weak basis, try to pay for or convince votes through money. As indicated in table 4.1, the beguile of money in elections shapes the ballot behaviour of 15.83% of the responsive electorate in the constituency. The male voters ar to a greater extent enamord by mone y than the pistillate counterpart. This is mainly because of cardinal important reasons, i.e., due to conservative nature of women and the domination everywhere females by male counterpart. Exchange of vote for money has turn out to be open-secret in every elections of the constituency. Generally speaking, the voters who accepted money atomic number 18 of two types voters who did not claim but simply agreed while organism paid and those who claim either from the candidate directly or from any sources that call up them during the campaign period. The table 4.6 indicates the response of the voters who accepted money from candidates in election.4 table 4.6Voting Decision Reasons for accepting moneyThe acceptance of money in alternate for ballot is senior high schoolest, as indicated in send back 4.2, among the mid-age group of 41-60 years than the older and younger voters. The younger voters, to the piteousest degree wreakd by money in deciding whom to vote for in an election , are more concerned with their prestige. However, reports suggest that, even young and enthusiastic voters either accepts or demands money for ballot in the constituency,5but are hesitant to disclosed the same to the researcher. Educationally, as give in 4.3 indicates, the illiterates voters of the sample electorate has the maximum electrical shock of money on their vote-choice. Further, in the constituency, those who are well educated are least regularised by money as determinant of voting behaviour. That is, as educational qualifications of the people entitled to vote increases, the influence of money on voting behaviour decreases. As regards the economic post of the voters and voting decision, as Table 4.4 shows the low income voters has the highest influence than the those of average and high income voters. That is, with the increase in the economic status of the voters, the level of influence by money decreases.Moreover, the entropy in Table 4.6 shows that there are nume rous reasons on the part of the voters who acknowl brinkd money end-to-end election. The main justifying reason is the poverty of the people and they are easily induced by money in elections. As Robert G. Wirsing sayscampaign period is the time when the foodstuff value of their support appears to rise and when the cleaver seller may turn the value of his vote or the votes of his fol imposes to trustworthy advantage. The poor are wined and dined, wooed with gifts and bribed with cash 6In the constituency, one of the most important reason for the acceptance of money is due to the fact that majority of the sample responders considers that no developmental work has been do by the elected representative. And sees the payment of money for votes as compensation for public money that politicians are assumed to strike stolen.7This particular view holds key in the minds of the voters as 22.73% of the total respondents agreed to it. On the other, a total of 18.18% voters consider that e lected representative served the interest of his near and dear ones, not for the constituency as a whole. This is to some extent correct for the reason that 15.91% of the sample electorate views that they create nothing to ask to elected representative after the elections. It is also evident that even campaigner either insisted or offer money to voters as disclosed by 13.64% of the electorate.From the above discussion, one may infer that the influence of money throughout election period cannot be denied. Van de Walle has suggested that, in Nigeria, voters take vote buying offers as signals of their patrons wealth and capability of winning elections features of leader with which they wish to be associated.8But, more importantly, the underprivileged voters are expected to be ill-treated because of their restricted earnings, making them vulnerable to materials inducements, including the offers of basic commodities or meek amount of cash. For their part, citizens with little education may be unconscious of the political privileges they enjoy and as a result have a weak defense in opposition to such coercion. Moreover, money influence may have been more widespread than the figures cited. Experience from Argentina suggests that some people are understandably reluctant to admit that they had been approached with a veto offer, especially if they had subsequently entered an agreement and complied with the terms.9In fine, the use of money power to win election by candidates and political parties alike makes the mockery of representative democracy and affects the basic philosophy of democracy and universal claim. The views of the poor are subdued and the preferences of the rich are enlarged on key issues. Money for votes play as a means and the rich candidates distributed money among the poor voters and done some instantaneous development work in the constituencies. This tricky design grants space for maneuvering for those who have either the official backing or hav e too much money to contest the election. However, voters conformity to the requests of money giver in elections may provide least resistance but it is morally and lawfully fraught. Above all, lopsided elections abridged the institutionalization of political responsibility.The influence of ElitesThe word elites typically denotes the attributes or distinctiveness of veritable individual that determine how far he will accomplish thus, those with the suitable quality will in due course reach the top and run across themselves in the place of power vis-a-vis others in the structure or in society at large. Although the definition of elite varies somewhat across the affable science literature, we take a relatively broad view. Rather than taking into account the elite to be the rulers over the ruled,10we define them as those with the capacity to influence national political outcomes or policy.11As Eldersveld (1989) define elite largely to comprise those who hold important positions, who have influential graphic symbols and who exercise important functions in the polity12Such positions and status, along with wealth, education, and other advantages, provide the elite with political resources13and, thus, have the capacity to directly or indirectly influence the activities of the fix.14Although elites have an important role in highly developed democracies,15their political influence may be even greater where social inequality exists.16In liberal representative countries, political leaders are entrenched in, and their efficiency appreciably depends upon elites insignificant groups of position holders in societies having the capability to affect political outcomes on a regular basis and to a large extent.17The local elites in the constituency like village money-lender, tall income government employees, intellectuals, and also entrepreneur play a big role in determining the voting choice of 12.95% sample voters as indicated by the statistics in Table 4.1. Those elites determined the vote-choice of 4.32% male and 8.63% female of the constituency. That is, female voters have an edge over male voters. There are scores of people who are straightforwardly or in some way reliant upon these groups of people for their passing(a) requirements and consequently they become their patrons. As a result, local elites pre-determined their clients vote-choice. Table 4.7 displays the different factors of influence to the electorate all through elections.18Table 4.7Voting-Decision Factors influencing by local elitesThe influence of elites in the constituency as evident from Table 4.2, gradually increases with the increase in the age-group and decline thereafter. It is highest in the age-group of 41-60 years and lowest in the above 61 years category. The female are more influenced than male. Educationally, its influence decreases, as apparent from Table 4.3, with the increase in the level of education of both the sex. It has the highest impact among the illiterate s and least influenced to the above graduates respondents. Economically, as indicated in Table 4.4, its influence also decreases with the increase in the rise in its status. Researchers point to the growing income gap,19stating that the elite control the political fulfill and those of lower socio-economic status have no role to play in electoral process.From the data in Table 4.7, it is absolutely clear that the most important influence to the voters is the distribution or offering of money by elites which accounted for 27.78% respondents. They even mislead people for the ulterior motives (19.44%) during election by making alluring promises or commitments (16.66%) and also creating the spirit of groupism (11.11%) among the electorate in the constituency. Moreover, they provide information of the candidates performance during his stay in office (13.89%) by educating the people on socio-political issues (5.56%) faced in the constituency. This is, perhaps, a good indication of their involvement in participatory democracy and will lead to the furtherance of the democratic politics.From the above analysis on may come to the point that the influence of local elites in the electoral politics of Oinam assembly constituency has its negative and positive aspects as well. Elites and leaders are essential elements of collective and individual brio in any given socio-political structure. Many local dominant citizens take devoted attention and are directly involved in the elections taking part in the elections process. These trends, nevertheless, are not perpetual the elites and privileged, like empires, may well rise up and fall down as well.Candidates Image in votingScholars have long acknowledged the significance of candidates disposition in voting choice. The qualities of candidates are one factor which invokes the servant of the electorate in every stages of the electioneering development. charismatic leaders have a special magnetic quality that fills followers w ith awe and adoration.20McAllister argues the substance of influential showing that public perceptions of leaders, if not decisive, have a modest but significance influence on the vote.21As John L. Sullivan, John H. Aldrich, et. al., points outVoters assessments of the candidates competencies and personal qualities affect how they feel about each candidate whether, for instance they feel pride or shame when thinking about a particular candidate, or of more generalized feelings of liking or disliking.22In the constituency, the influence of candidates personality or charisma shapes the voting behaviour, as indicated in Table 4.1, of 10.32% of the sample electorate. The female voters put more emphasis on personality trait of the candidate in kerfuffle while voting than the male voters. Table 4.8 displays the various reasons for voting a particular candidate in elections of the constituency.23Table 4.8Voting-Decision Factors influencing candidates personalityFrom Table 4.2 it is observ ed that candidates image in the election had the highest impact in the age group of 25-40 years and 18-24 years than other age-group. The female voters are more influenced than the male voters except the older voter, i.e., 61 years and above are equally to both the sex. Educationally, as Table 4.3 indicates the illiterate voters have an edge over those of literate voters on the candidates trait in exercising their political franchise. And, economically, as Table 4.4 suggests, the average income voters has highest influence than low and high income voters in the constituency. Those high income male voters are not even bothered about the candidates image in election of the constituency.From the statistics in Table 4.8, it is apparent that family insistence to vote for a particular candidate in elections has the impact of 35.48% respondent voters, in which the female (19.35%) had an edge over male (16.13%) voters. Educational and economic status of the candidates, in fray influenced th e vote-choice of 16.13% and 9.68% of the sample voters. The contesting candidates contribution to the constituency and his accessibility by the general electorate had an impact equally to 12.90% of the respondents voting decision. While 6.45% voters voted those candidate simply because of their locality supporting that candidate and that 3.23% voters voted as candidate being from their locality.It is quite clear from the above analysis that the influence of candidates image in shaping the voting decision of the electorate cannot be overlooked. Voters definitely hope a representative that they can trust, and convince the public that they believe in what they are saying and will deliver on their promises. As personality dominates in most areas of life, one cannot deny that candidate that appeals to us most based on personality characteristics may not be the candidate that best represents our interests. Therefore, one may argue that voters are not appropriately weighting performance-b ased information on candidates contesting the elections when undertaking one of democracys most important civic duties. policy-making caller and voting decisionPolitical parties occupy a central place in democratic politics, as they, in the midst of other things, provide a link between the citizens and the state. It is through parties that citizens have opportunity to influence the private road of governmental elites. Voting for a political caller in an election is seen as an important determinant of voting behaviour of the people entitled to vote. This is no exception to the constituency under study as 10.79% of the sample voters exercise their political franchise on the basis of drumbeatership as apparent in the data from Table 4.1.In the constituency, voting for political parties in elections are much high(prenominal) of the males compared to female voters, as the former are more exposed to party identification which is a psychological attachment toward a political party th at tends to influence a persons decisions on social, economic and political issues.24In elections between candidates of competing parties, one expects partisanship to influence ballot choice as many voters affirm their partisan identities by casting ballots for the candidates who share their party labels.25Therefore, elections are frequently identified in the public mind with the main issues discussed or the campaign strategies attempted by the parties.26Table 4.9 indicates the reasons for voting a particular political party in elections of the constituency.27Voting for a political party in the elections of the constituency gradually increases with the increased in the age group and decline thereafter. It is highest between the age-group of 41-60 years, however the male are more committed to than the female as indicated in figures of Table 4.2. The female voters are equally influenced as the male in the early stages of electioneering period, by parties, but as one grows older its co mmitment significantly declined.Table 4.9Voting decision Factors influencing political partyEducationally, the more formal years of education mean the more allegiance to political party as the degree of consideration of party-voting increases with the rise in educational level of the electors. In the constituency, the below matriculation respondents voters are least influenced while the above graduates has the maximum influenced by political parties as the determinant of voting, as apparent from Table 4.3. On the basis of economic status of the sample electorate, as indicated in Table 4.4, voting pattern of the respondent electorate with reference to political party increases with the rise in the income level of the electorate of both the sex. Those high and average income earners are more unwavering, far more than the low or poor income groups, and hence, are able to choose whom to vote in an election.Moreover, in the constituency, voting-choice of 30.00% of the respondent voters i s influenced by the basic ideology of political parties as evident from data in Table 4.9. This is perhaps because voting preferences may be affected by what Andrew Leigh term innate ideological attachment,28not linked to voters consideration on his family or locality. Also, stable and long term identification with a political party offers an information short cut or default value, a succor for more complete information about parties and candidates.29The relationship between party identification and vote choice of the electorate remains one of the most robust and allow findings in political science.30In the constituency, more than 23.33% (See Table 4.9) of the self identified partisan voters voted for their partys candidates. When asked whether they would vote for a candidate who is not anticipated to win an election, a respondent replied, whether good or bad, right or wrong, I stand by my party on no account in my life have I ever considered being linked with a party other than the Indian National Congress.31Further, 20.33% of the respondent voters voted to political party simply because their family members are traditionalistic supporter of that party. Another 13.33% voted for party on the pretext that the party has good leadership. Some 6.67% respondents voters views that their decision to vote for a party because their desire candidates is contesting on that party ticket and equally influenced to those respondents who says they are supporting the party as their locality supports that party.From the above discussion, it is observed that a political party does have a role to play in influencing the vote-choice of the electorate in the constituency. For individual voters, however, motives might differ considerably. They would normally support the candidate of their most ideal party if the contestant has a orifice to win the mandate of the people. Surprisingly enough, there is hardly any empirical research done on the different motives individual vote spl itting. Citizens must be given the liberty without undue influence to cast their vote in favour of any political party as it is their independent opinion to find out which party they consider eligible for coming to power and taking that into account they have full right to exercise their political franchise.Election campaignPolitical science research once characterized campaign as resonance and vehemence suggestive of nothing, but a resurgence of recent research has offer obligate evidence that campaign can shape voting behaviour of the electorate and election outcomes.32An election campaign must be understood to be a process that generates a product, the election outcome, and like any other process, one cannot expect to understand the process by analyzing only the product.33As such, it is a well thought-out effort which seeks to influence a range of issues and to create a long-lasting notion of the same with the electorate. In a campaign the issues are articulated by party leader s, and they are the stuff in terms of which a democratic political campaign is rationalized, in both senses.34The length and strenuousness of the campaign serves to involve the public, inform it on public issues, and increase its active participation in politics.35Election campaigning in the constituency determines the voting behaviour of 12.69% of the sample electorate as evident from Table 4.1. The males are greater than females in shaping their voting choice, as the former are more exposed to campaigning than the latter. Table 4.10 represents the various factor of influence to the respondent voters while campaigning.36In the constituency, the young and mid-age group voters paid more attention to election campaign in deciding for whom to vote during elections as Table 4.2 indicates. It is also evident that male voters exposures to election campaign decreases with the increase in the age-group while the female voters, however remain constant between of 18-24 and 25-40 years groups. Similarly, educational wise, as Table 4.3 shows the illiterates voters has the highest impact on their vote-choice, and decreases with the rise in the level of educational status of both the sex. The well educated voters in the constituency are least influenced by election campaign organized by candidates or parties or its supporters during electioneering process. Likewise, on economic status of the voters, as indicated in Table 4.4, the level of influence by election campaigns decreases with the rise in the level of economic status. That is economically well-off electorates, in the constituency, are undeterred by campaigning, as it influenced the low and average income groups.Table 4.10Voting decision Factors influencing election campaignThe statistics in Table 4.10, it is known that among the various campaigns employed by candidates and parties, personal contact with the candidates in fray has the highest influences of 37.04% of the sample voters, while door-to-door canvassing i nfluences 18.53% voters. Campaigning through publicity and organizing public meetings on elections had a modest influence of 14.81% and 11.11% respectively.In fine, electoral campaign is a podium to strike the main political issues as well as position and proposition of the different political parties to deal with these issues. In addition, the virtues of campaign effects can only be found in correlation with long-established socio-economic issues. As V.O. Key long ago documented, the perception of behavior of the electorate condition, if they did not fix, the types of appeals politicians employ as they seek popular support.37However, key player of the campaign have to struggle with the lack of interest, trust and consideration from the citizens towards political life and institutions.Issues wideness in votingThe highlighting on an issue based voting has, of late, assumed an important predicator of voting behaviour across liberal democracies. Voters are seen as moving in the direc tion of a more decisive posture, deciding issues on their merits and consequently acting more judiciously than formally. In their study of voting behaviour, Nie, Verba, and Petrocik (1972), found that following 1960, as V.D. Opfer, quotes, the role of party declined as a guide to the vote. And, as party has declined in importance, the role of issues appears to have risen.38Issues, local or national, in any election are an important predicator of voting behaviour of the electorate. Issues importance measures the extent to which attitudes manifest the qualities of durability and impactfulness.39Research has found that issues deemed important by respondents are more likely to be stable, resistant to change, and more likely to influence behaviour of voters.40Issues in election shapes the voting behaviour of 11.90% of the sample electorate in the constituency (Table 4.1). The female voters accounts for 5.03% of the sample voters saying the issues have its own importance in electoral beha viour thereby shaping the voting act, and are much higher than the male voters (3.60%) as indicated in Table 4.2. Now, Table 4.11 displays the main issues indicated by the respondent electorate.41Table 4.11Voting decision Main issues influencing the electorateFrom Table 4.2, it is known that issues in election has the highest impact in the age-group of 41-60 years and lowest in the age-group of 61-above. That is, the mid-age group voters are more influenced by issues in election than the younger and older voters. Also, in the constituency, as apparent from Table 4.3, voter with high educational qualifications are not bothered about issues in election while the below matriculations has has highest impact in deciding their voting-choice. The illiterates and below graduates of the constituency are equally influence to those issues in election. Further the data in Table 4.4 predicts that the average economic status voters are more determined by issues in election as their voting choice than those of high and low economic status voters.Now, among the issues cited by the sample respondents as their determining factor of influence, as Table 4.11 indicates, 29.17% of the respondents view that roads, safe drinking water, and better electricity as their main issues in elections. On the other, the state being affected by insurgency activities, 20.83% of the respondents opine that a political solution to such problem will at best serve the interest of the state and hence determining their voting choice. Educational development, better irrigational projects for agricultural activities, tackling unemployment and the repeal of Armed Forces Special Power Act, 1958 (AFSPA), have almost equal influence among the voters in the constituency.From the above analysis, it is apparent that no single issues were cited by the respondents as most important. That not only 11.90% of the respondent voters had issues concerns in elections in the Oinam assembly constituency and whether issues opinions are malevolent or not is not easy to conclude. Voters are heterogeneous in their use of issues in the voting booth. Some voters may consider some issues more seriously than others in their voting decisions. Some issue

Incorporating Student Voices into Education Systems

Incorporating Student give tongue tos into Education Systemslanguage is the primary technology of discourse.Winch et al., 20046.1 basis to the DiscussionThis chapter gives its space to develop some of the issues raised by the research that has gone into the sermon. If it is contentious, it is in order to ask questions about issues where the answers argon non but available, and develop a deeper understanding of the concepts. This includesthe domain of Student Voice as a supported and integrated concept, rather than as a manipulated concept for integrationthe validation of alternative gentility as an ideal place for Student Voicethe questions of Partnerships and how this is being politically channelled whilst not perhaps given the strength of mental hospital it deserves and needs6.2 Student Voice Integration for Learning or Integration for PolicyAs the dissertation showed, thither are strong theoretical underpinnings for the grade of incorporating Student Voice into didacti csal systems, eespecial(a)ly when seen in a constructivist light. The surprise is that it has taken so long. However, the battleground has similarly sh knowledge that it is not always as slatternly as anticipated to re- set up a schools approach. thither are worries and concerns surrounding the actual reality of adapting an existing system to incorporate Student Voice. There are the teachers concerns of devaluing cultivation at the cost of social development. There are fears about loosing control and upsetting the status quo. On the other hand, there are excessively those who embrace the concepts of freedom of learning choice and schoolchild contribution.As Martin, Worral, and Dutson-Steinfeld (2005) put it, it is now too late to put the lid back on Pandoras Box. The danger is that the tide may follow the easiest path, rather than listening to the voices that are to a greater extent difficult to hear. Cruddass (2001) argued that these voices may admit the greatest contributi on to make. after all, if Student Voice is a method of integration, it is surely fairly pointless directing it towards those who already have their avenues for communication and are well entrenched in spite of appearance the system, when those just outside need to be provided with a way in. It perhaps reflects some of the cultural values when it comes to who the system wants to provide a voice for and who it does not.For the Westernised education systems, changes in the socio-economic climates have brought about a sack balance of power, caused by information and communications technology and learners access to alternative sources of knowledge, reduced public funding, globalisation and commercial imperatives.Latchem Hanna 2001, p. 1One could perhaps add that as the public funding has gone down, the gap has been filled by an incremental increase in policy documentation and political rhetoric. It seems that the onus is put on the schools to follow the recommendations, and increasin gly to fund these demands themselves. That aside, listening to young learners, and understanding what they are communicating has nearly probably been a part of the repertoire of what Haberman (1995) termed star teachers long before it become encapsulated in documentation. The discussion is whether the value put on Student Voice is a passing phase or is getting the attention it so richly deserves.6.3 Alternative Education and Student VoiceThis section of the discussion returns to the use of an environsal education format as a means of combining imperious communication strategies through the use of different formats, such as a conservation park and school. It has taken some time for alternative educational formats to receive official consideration, and this has demanded a considerable change in mind set. For example, as more people have come to understand the necessity for a complete change with regard to the place of humans in the environment, the ideals of education set by susta inability have become less the realm of extremists and more the essentials for good virtuoso. If one were to take this a step further, a developed form of education such as that potentially offered by the Park could become less of an alternative, and more of a mainstream consideration. This is one reason that this dissertation has explored the environment as a means of generating attitudes and raising voices, rather than a questioning of knowledge gained through the Activate Programs.Using the Park as the example, this study found that the Activate Programs were good in communicating a positive attitude towards each other based on involvement with a specific environment. Rather than a sense of environmental consideration, there was a sense of connection amongst students to the Park. Although environmental knowledge was not measured, the results of running(a) in the environment contributed to the Observational sections that informed some of this dissertation showed changes in awar eness.One of the important factors was the culture of familiarity that developed amongst those students who were regulars on the Activate programs. They developed a better understanding of the Park and knew more what to expect when they visited. This meant they not only had different expectations that those less familiar with the Park, but that they started to show a leadership and peer attitude that supported the Activate ethic. This working in the environment system, when ruleed carefully and driven by the right personalities, appears to strongly support the idea of a more mainstream approach to an outdoor classroom.This culture of communication, as it could be called, aims to be enabling and empowering for students. It not only encourages positive connections to develop between the students and the environment, it also gives them practical opportunities to see what they throw out do. This is a vitally important point for students from schools where they are all too often given information, but have no way of acting upon it in a positive and constructive way. In the Park, there is the combination of Student Voice as an over-current to the Activate activities. For example, the Lion group consists of some very challenging students who would not ordinarily co-operate together. Yet at the Park, as the following quote shows, they do. There is a continual level of communication that seems to equate to a very different reality to the one found at schoolIt is very encouraging to see some of our students in this program and then see how different they are in their behaviour and attitude back in a classroom/school setting. In the classroom they provoke be the disruptive/troubled student and to that extent at the Park these same students have been the Leaders and are willing to help/show and guide new/younger student of this group. At the runner of our program we had a hard, troubled group but as time evolved they have built relationships and furthered skills the y didnt know they had.Teacher Interview 2006Expectations were integrated with communication. Where there was shy(predicate) communication between the Park and school staff, false expectations could be generated and this was an area that needed tightening up as it could lead to confusion. However, the outcomes for attitude have been predominantly positive. Not one teacher, student, parent or support staff wanted to see the programs stop and the majority like them as they are.6.4 Does Parent Partnerships HelpThanks to the SEN and Disability Act (DfES 2001), parents and carers now have avenues that will help them find out the options available for their SEN child. Parent Partnership Services (PPS) (see e.g. Worcestershire County Councils online Parent Partnership Service) are designed to deliver statutory rights including..information, advice and guidance on SEN matters to allow them to make informed decisions about their childs education. PPS can also help prevent difficulties from developing into disagreements.Rogers et al. 2006, p. 1There are obvious advantages to a partnership approach (Roger et al.2006 Wolfendale 2002 Wolfendale Cook 1997). It enables a more holistic approach to the students whole learning experience and thereby includes their social and emotional status as well as the environmental and cognitive. But, as Rogers et al. (2006) show in their assessment of PPS, the methodology of integrating PPS still needs work and is highly variable. With regard to this dissertation, the discussion focuses on the positive contribution of parents and carers when they are involved with the students education at school whilst stopping short of advocating that teachers lesson plans be available to parentsSchools should make information available to parents on what they can expect from schools and individual pupils progress. This might include access to lesson plans and learning materials and should be available as and when parents want to access it.DfES 2006b, p. 24If the goal is that of the personalised learning (DfES 2006) currently advocated, with all its emphasis on partnership, then it may well be that teachers will have to re-evaluate what their planning is for. It would seem entirely acceptable, in deed necessary, for parents and carers involved in this partnership approach to be well acquainted with what is about to be taught. yet this sounds more and more like move the parents back to school themselves. Perhaps the ideal is a school planning document that outlines the curriculum content and its anticipated coverage, subject to curriculum changes of course, that is specifically active for community involvement. The fact that Partnership is being advocated above Student Voice perhaps suggests that one format is easier to manage politically than the other. In fact, the following DfES (2006b) recruit 4 shows that pupil voice is more an element of learning an a cognitive descriptive than a part of all-round learning.These are just deuce-ace of the issues put forward for discussion and it is anticipated that much more work will be done on these in the future.7 CONCLUSIONThis study has been a learning journey in itself. The first thing the study demanded was learning to listen properly to students and not interpret what they were axiom by my own standards. The added dimension of the zoological park provided a fascinating contrast with students styles and types of communication and how they changed at school and at the Park. The following is a picture summary of where we are now and what needs to be considered in the future.We now know that a democratic system equips students better, be they in a special school or mainstream, for a post educational reality. Part of this democratic system involves the right to speak on ones own behalf and have ones view listened to and, when appropriate, acted up. At its better(p), Student Voice works as a means of holistically integrating students in their education. Whilst Student Voice motivates, it also allows and encourages students to take responsibility for their learning. The dissertation has shown that this works at a variety of levels. In the classroom, the study identified some of the strong links between student intrinsic motivation and the power of choice. Where the student is involved in selection and method of learning, they are more likely to become and remain enthusiastic. It should go without saying that it is equally important for SEN students to have these same rights, even if the means of communication are different. This means official support (i.e. funding) is necessary for schools to be able to imaging themselves sufficiently to cater for all Student Voices. As discussed, this issue of funding is a particularly thorny one and seems to get hidden beneath the shifting sands of politics, covered with a blanket of rhetoric and Government sponsored research. However, it is a step along the way towards changing mind sets towards Stud ent Voice.There is also the issue of teacher attitudes. Many teachers are more used to being heard and less familiar with the type of listening Student Voice requires. nigh find it hard to validate student opinion. Despite all the research done into Student Voice, and the obviously better fit it makes in contemporary society, there are still those who are frightened by the change in the status quo, or whos training has not encompassed this, or who resent more official requirements. In fact, in a contemporary, humanistic and individualised paradigm, it seems increasingly strange that choice as a concept does not underpin the UK educational system. Therefore, one of the recommendations for the future has to more victor development for those teachers that need it. Teacher training itself is constantly subject to change and has the challenge of both preparing students for the reality of working in schools and establishing the current pedagogic approach. For example, it may be hard for a new teacher with a passion for listening to students to adapt to work in a more traditional school setting.With regard to settings, the dissertation showed that location and environment have a distinct impact on students. This led to the design of a new school which combined both the in-class educational formats and the outdoors activities, be those agricultural, environmental, or simply outside.In summary, the future of Student Voice and its best use in the UK educational system needs to take into considerationTeacher training and continued support for new and existing teachers through professional development.Make the formats for student voice more user-friendly and introduce them professionally do not expect all schools to be able to adapt their format automatically.Finance and long term support.What lies before us and what lies behind us are tiny matters compared to what lies within us. Oliver Windell Holmes

macbeth :: essays research papers

Developing (or dynamic) character. A character who during the course of a fable undergoes a permanent change in some aspect of his/her personality or outlook. Static character. A character who is the same sort of person at the end of a story as s/he was at the beginning. Lady Macbeth"They met me in the day of success and I have learned by the perfectest report, they have more in them than mortal knowledge" (1.5.1-3). Lady Macbeth is reading the letter in which Macbeth tells of his meeting with the witches. After she has read the letter, Lady Macbeth is determined that she will make the witches prophecy come true. She prepares herself to work her husband into a murderous state of mind. She also gets hereself into a murderous state of mind, crying out, "Come, you spirits / That run on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, / And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full / Of direst cruelty" (1.5.40-43) When Macbeth arrives, she advises him to put on an innocent face in fro nt of the King and to issue the rest to her. Scene Summary See, see, our honourd hostess" (1.6.10). Thus King Duncan greets Lady Macbeth at the gates of Macbeths castle. In a display of consummate hypocrisy, Lady Macbeth gives a warm pleasurable to the man she is planning to murder. Scene Summary While King Duncan is having supper in Macbeths castle, Macbeth steps out to think about the plan to kill the King. When Lady Macbeth finds Macbeth, she exclaims, "He has al close to suppd why have you left the chamber?" (1.7.29). Then, in order to keep Macbeth committed to the murder plan, she verbally assaults his courage and manhood. This is the scene in which she brags that if she had made a affidavit to do a murder, she would follow through. Even if it were her own baby, she "would, while it was smiling in my face, / Have pluckd my nipple from his boneless gums, / And dashd the brains out, had I so sworn as you / Have done to this" (1.7.56-59). In a few minutes, M acbeth sees things her way. Scene Summary Banquo tells Macbeth that the King has been very pleased with the hospitality shown to him, and that "This diamond he greets your wife withal, / By the name of most kind hostess" (2.1.15-16).

The Present Builds Upon the Past :: history

The Present Builds Upon the PastThe world is far from perfect. However, through the years, it has improved in many ways. If I went back in time and changed the tiniest thing in history, it is possible for my life to be completely different today. If you dont believe me, read on because Ive got hard proof. Its depressing to know in that respect was a time when blacks and whites were seperated simply because of the color of their skin. We confine moved forward, then stumbed backwards, but slowly we started building and here we are year 2001, where everyone, despite your race, experience equal rights. I realize pejudice is still alive today, but you have to admit, things have improved. During the late 1800s Jim Crow laws or Black Codes were made offical. This law de jure seperated blacks and whites in every day life. It was ridiculous, immature, and just flat out unreasonable. They used seperate public waiting rooms, restaurants, theaters, public parks, schools, hospitals, just to n ame the basics. We have every unmarried abolitionists, civil rights activists, and all the other freedom-fighters who stuck up for their rights. You wouldnt believe how much one person can accomplish. It wasnt too long ago when women were denied some of the rights that men had, such as voting. People believed that women were better fit cooking, cleaning and taking care of the children at home, rather than going out to earn money. They also believed that men had a higher ability of learning than women, which was why their education was limited. In order to get all the rights women have today, it took much time, effort, and most of all, courage. Many brave women organize protests demanding for equal rights. It was a slow process but every little effort added up, and today, women can even run for President of the United States. Who knows? Many if it werent for them, I wouldnt be writing this report, or be able to write at all. A more recent example in which we can more personally r elate to, is the World Trade Center tragedy. The fact that we needed a tradegy to bring America togeather is sad, but at least we are here for for each one other when we really need each other. I know living thirteen years isnt much at all, but in that time, I have never seen America more united than in the last few weeks.